Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
De Castro, P. (1990): Thaumatoporelle: conoscenze attuale a
appoccio all'interpretazione. - Bolletino della Società
Paleontologica Italiana,
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Elliott, G.F. (1958): Fossil microproblematica from the Middle
East. - Micropaleontology,
4
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Elliott, G.F. (1963): Problematical microfossils from the Cre-
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Flügel, E. (1964): Mikroproblematika aus rhätischen Riffkalken
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Flügel, E. (1972): Mikroproblematika in Dünnschliffen von
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Glück, H. (1912): Eine neue gesteinsbildende Siphonee
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, 3-24
Henssel, K., Schmid, D.U., Leinfelder, R. (2002): Computer-
gestützte 3D-Rekonstruktionen in der Paläontologie an
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Hoffman, A., Nitecki, M.H. (eds., 1986): Problematic fossil
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Klappa, C.F. (1978): Biolithogenesis of
Microcodium
: eluci-
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Kobluk, D.R. (1988): Cryptic faunas in reefs: ecologic and
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Munnecke, A. (2001):
Halysis
Hoeg, 1932 - a problematic
Cyanophyceae: new evidence from the Silurian of Got-
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Perret, M.F., Vachard, D., Aguirre, P., Crasquin-Soleau, S.
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Riding, R., Guo, L. (1992): Affinity of
Tubiphytes
. - Palae-
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Schmid, D.U.: (1995):
'Tubiphytes' morronensis
- eine fakul-
tativ inkrustierende Foraminifere mit endosymbiontischen
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, 305-317
Schmid, D.U. (1996): Marine Mikrobolithe und Mikroinkrus-
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9
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Schmid, D.U., Leinfelder, R. (1996): The Jurassic
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codium aggregatum
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Troglotella incrustans
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Senowbari-Daryan, B. (1984): Mikroproblematika aus den
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61
, 1-81
Senowbari-Daryan, B., Flügel, E. (1993):
Tubiphytes
Maslov,
an enigmatic fossil: Classification, fossil record and sig-
nificance through time. Part I: Discussion of Late Palaeo-
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Società Paleontologica Italiana, Special Volume,
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Skompski, P. (1982): The nature and systematic position of
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Globochaete alpina
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Vennin, E., Vachard, D., Proust, J.-N. (1997): Taphonomie et
synécologie du 'genre'
Tubiphytes
dans les biocon-
Permian Tubiphytes
are encrusters, binders, bafflers
and frame builders in reefs (LeMone 1995; Wahlman
2002; Weidlich 2002) but are also known from bedded
shelf carbonates.
Tubiphytes
occurs in shallow subtidal
(and intertidal) settings as well as in submarine fissures
indicating relatively large tolerance levels with regard
to light, salinity and substrate.
Tubiphytes
is commonly
associated with
Archaeolithoporella
, sponges and bryo-
zoans. The group flourished in warm-water tropical set-
tings but also lived in deeper shelf and slope environ-
ments as well as in cooler settings.
Triassic
Tubiphytes
are major constituents of Middle
Triassic reefs but minor elements in Late Triassic reefs.
Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Tubiphytes
oc-
curred in different environments as compared with Pa-
leozoic
Tubiphytes,
including shallow outer ramp en-
vironments where thick specimens lived, and deeper-
marine and cryptic habitats characterized by thinner
specimens (Schmid 1996). Various growth forms re-
flect different water energies (Kott 1989). Intergrown
Tubiphytes morronensis
associated with
Terebella
(see
Pl. 92/10) is abundant in Late Jurassic and Early Creta-
ceous proximal platform talus and slope deposits as well
as in siliceous sponge 'reefs' formed in deeper ramp
settings. Paleowater depths of about 100 to 200 m have
been considered for mass occurrences. The species also
contributed to the formation of organic frameworks
(Pomoni-Papaioannou et al. 1989).
Interpretation: Tubiphytes
has been attributed to
various algal groups, cyanobacteria as well as sponges,
hydrozoans and foraminifera (Riding and Guo 1992).
The current explanation for Paleozoic and some Trias-
sic
Tubiphytes
is a symbiotic commensalism of differ-
ent organisms recorded by the spar-filled 'cavities' and
tubes and calcified cyanobacteria represented by the
surrounding network. Jurassic
Tubiphytes
are explained
as foraminifera.
Basics: Microproblematica
Babcock, J.A. (1986): The puzzle of alga-like problematica,
or rummaging around in the algal wastebasket. - In:
Hofman, A., Nitecki, M.H. (eds.): Problematic fossil taxa.
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Banner, F.T., Finch, E.M., Simmons, M.D. (1990): On
Lithocodium
Elliott (calcareous green algae): its paleobio-
logical and stratigraphical significance. - Journal of Micro-
paleontology,
9
, 21-36
Bengtson, S. (1990): Problematic fossil taxa. - In: Briggs,
D.E., Crowther, P.R. (eds.): Palaeobiology. A synthesis. -
442-445, Oxford (Blackwell)
Cherchi, A., Schroeder, R. (1988): Osservazioni sui micro-
problematica
Paronipora
Capeder,
Microcodium
Glück,
Baccanella
Pantic et
Paleomicrocodium
Mamet and Roux.
- Bolletino della Società Paleontologica Italiana,
27
, 79-
81
