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Fig. 10.44. Aptychus limestone. The thin section displays numerous fragments of aptychi within a fine-grained matrix. The
fragments appear curved due to the slightly domal character of the plates. The exterior ornamentation (white arrows;
T: tangential section of ribbed shell surface) is shown by uniformly oriented ribs. Small dark dots in the shells (black arrows)
are caused by the porous microstructure. The concentration of the shells in particular areas and their irregular distribution
within the sample are characteristics of strong burrowing. Late Jurassic: Karawanken Mountains, Austria. Scale is 1 mm.
limestones corresponds to the standard facies zones 1
and 2 (see Chap.14).
on internal moulds of ammonites as palaeobathymetric
indicators. - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeo-
ecology, 110 , 29-42
Ferretti, A. (1989): Microbiofacies and constituent analysis
of Upper Silurian-Lower Devonian limestones from south-
western Sardinia. - Bolletino della Società Geologica
Italiana, 28 , 87-100
Kaesler, R.L. (ed., 1996): Mollusca 4. Cretaceous Ammo-
noidea. - Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, part L (re-
vised), 362 pp., Lawrence (Geological Society of America)
Moore, R.C. (ed., 1957): Mollusca 4 (Ammonoidea). - Trea-
tise on Invertebrate Paleontology, part L, 490 pp.,
Lawrence (Geological Society of America)
Moore, R.C. (ed., 1964): Mollusca 3 (Cephalopoda general
features, Endoceratoidea, Actinoceratoidea, Nautiloidea,
Bactritoidea). - Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, part
L, 519 pp., Lawrence (Geological Society of America)
Schlager, W. (1974): Preservation of cephalopod skeletons
and carbonate dissolution on ancient Tethyan sea floors. -
International Association of Sedimentologists, Special
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Tucker, M. (1974): Sedimentology of Palaeozoic pelagic lime-
stones: the Devonian Griotte (Southern France) and Cepha-
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Urlichs, M. (1971): Alter und Genese des Belemnitenschlacht-
felds im Toarcian von Franken. - Geologische Blätter für
Nordost-Bayern, 21 , 65-83
Wendt, J., Aigner, T. (1985): Facies patterns and depositional
'Belemnite battlefields' : Accumulations of belem-
nite rostra (Pl. 90/7) on bedding planes (Fig. 10.45) are
important facies criteria indicating current directions
and the type of near-bottom water energy in shelf set-
tings (Urlichs 1971; Doyle and Macdonald 1993), re-
duced and condensed sedimentation and lag deposition.
A common feature of belemnite battlefields is the
monospecific composition and the predominance of
adult individuals. The most likely explanation of the
battlefield is post-spawning mortality in shelf areas
followed by current transport.
Basics: Cephalopods
Blendinger, W. (1991): Upper Triassic (Norian) cephalopod
limestones of the Hallstatt type, Oman. - Sedimentology,
38 , 223-242
Doyle, P., Macdonald,D.I.M. (1997): Belemnite battlefields.
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J., Kullmann, J. (eds.): Cephalopods. Present and past. -
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Fernandez-Lopez, S., Melendez, G. (1994): Abrasion surfaces
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