Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Late Permian
Inner shallow platform:
Dasyclad and gymnocodiacean
green algae, phylloid algae, fusulinid foraminifera, gastro-
pods
Edge:
Reefs with calcareous coralline sponges, bryozo-
ans, calcimicrobes, rugose corals
Slope:
Reefs with encrusting microfossils (e.g.
Tubiphytes
),
brachiopods, echinoderms
Basin:
Radiolarians
Early Permian
Inner shallow platform:
Ancestral red algae, dasyclad green
algae, phylloid algae, fusulinid foraminifera, smaller
forminifera, bryozoans, gastropods
Edge:
Reefs with microbes, phylloid and dasyclad green
algae
Outer platform:
Brachiopods, echinoderms
Basin:
Radiolarians
Late Carboniferous
Inner shallow platform:
Ancestral red algae, dasyclad green
algae, smaller foraminifera, fusulinid foraminifera, gastro-
pods
Edge:
Bryozoans, coralline sponges, echinoderms, brachio-
pods
Slope:
Echinoderms, bivalves
Basin:
Radiolarians, echinoderms, bivalves
Early Carboniferous
Inner shallow platform:
Smaller benthic foraminifera, dasy-
clad green algae, various calcareous red algae, 'calcispheres'
Edge:
Reefs with calcimicrobes, bryozoans
Outer platform:
Smaller benthic foraminifera, various red
algae, mollusks, echinoderms, rugose corals
Basin:
Radiolarians
Devonian
Inner shallow platform:
Stromatoporoid sponges, tabulate
and rugose corals, 'calcispheres', dasyclad and udoteacean
green algae, benthic foraminifera
Edge:
Reefs with stromatoporoids and tabulate corals, calci-
microbes, rugose corals
Slope:
Echinoderms, brachiopods
Basin:
Tentaculitids, cephalopods
Silurian
Inner shallow platform:
Dayscladacean green algae, calci-
microbes, mollusks
Edge:
Reefs with stromatoporoid sponges, tabulate and rug-
ose corals, bryozoans, echinoderms
Outer platform:
Brachiopods, trilobites, echinoderms
Basin:
Tentaculitids, cephalopods
Ordovician
Inner shallow platform:
Green and red algae, mollusks
Edge:
Reefs with calcimicrobes, sponges and bryozoans
Outer platform:
Trilobites, bryozoans, brachiopods, echi-
noderms, sponges
Basin:
Cephalopods
Cambrian
Inner shallow platform:
Calcimicrobes, mollusks
Edge:
Reefs with archaeocyath sponges and calcimicrobes
Outer platform:
Trilobites, sponges, echinoderms
Basin:
Echinoderms.
Box 10.1. Continued
Lower Late Cretaceous
Inner shallow platform:
Benthic foraminifera, gastro-
pods, rudists and other bivalves,
Edge:
Rudists
Outer platform:
Benthic foraminifera, echinoderms,
cephalopods
Basin:
Planktonic foraminifera, 'calcispheres', cepha-
lopods
Early Cretaceous
Inner shallow platform:
Benthic foraminifera, dasyclad
and udoteacean green algae, gastropods
Edge:
Corals, calcimicrobes, benthic foraminifera
Outer platform:
Benthic foraminifera, sponges, echino-
derms, bivalves, cephalopods
Basin:
Planktonic foraminifera, cephalopods
Late Jurassic
Inner shallow platform:
Benthic foraminifera and dasy-
clad green algae, solenoporacean red algae, calci-
microbes, gastropods, serpulids
Edge:
Corals and 'hydrozoans', siliceous sponges, bra-
chiopods, bivalves, echinoderms
Slope:
Pelagic bivalves, echinoderms, benthic foramin-
ifera, 'calcispheres', cephalopods
Basin:
Calpionellid tintinnids, radiolarians, pelagic
crinoids, pelagic bivalves, 'calcispheres'; siliceous
sponges, bivalves, cephalopods
Early Jurassic
Inner shallow platform:
Benthic foraminifera, dasyclad
green algae, calcimicrobes, gastropods
Edge:
Benthic foraminifera
Outer platform:
Benthic foraminifera, bivalves
Basin:
Radiolarians, sponge spicula, cephalopods
Late Triassic
Inner shallow platform:
Benthic foraminifera, dasyclad
green algae, calcimicrobes, bivalves
Edge:
Reefs with scleractinian corals and coralline
sponges, foraminifera, solenoporacean red algae
Slope:
Echinoderms, bivalves, brachiopods
Basin:
Thin-shelled pelagic bivalves, radiolarians, cepha-
lopods
Middle Triassic
Inner shallow platform:
Dasyclad green algae, calci-
microbes, gastropods, benthic foraminifera
Edge:
Reefs with coralline calcareous sponges, sclerac-
tinian corals, smaller foraminifera
Slope:
Reefs with encrusting microfossils (e.g.
Tubi-
phytes
), coralline calcareous sponges, brachiopods, echi-
noderms
Basin:
Radiolarians, thin-shelled pelagic bivalves
Early Triassic
Inner shallow platform
: Gastropods, bivalves, small
benthic foraminifera
Edge:
Mollusks, echinoderms
Basin:
Bivalves, cephalopods
