SIGNAL CONVERTER PROTEINS - Fusion Protein Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals: Applications and Challenges - page 453

and accelerated autoimmune diseases in TRAIL-/- mice.
Nat. Immunol. 4, 255-260.
79. Wandinger KP, Lunemann JD, Wengert O, Bellmann-Strobl J,
Aktas O, Weber A, et al. (2003) TNF-related apoptosis
inducing ligand (TRAIL) as a potential response marker
for interferon-beta treatment in multiple sclerosis. Lancet
361, 2036-2043.
80. Razmara M, Hilliard B, Ziarani AK, Murali R, Yellayi S,
Ghazanfar M, et al.

93. Lavrik IN, Krammer PH. (2012) Regulation of CD95/Fas
signaling at the DISC. Cell Death Differ. 19, 36-41.
94. Razmara M, Hilliard B, Ziarani AK, Chen YH, Tykocinski
ML. (2008) CTLA-4 x ig converts naive CD4 þ CD25- T
cells into CD4 þ CD25 þ regulatory T cells. Int. Immunol.
20, 471-483.
95. Rouleau M, Bernard A, Vernant JP, Charpentier B, Senik A.
(1993) Apoptosis of CD8 þ /CD57 þ T cells is induced by
some combinations of anti-CD2 mAb. J. Immunol. 151,
3547-3551.
96. Novak TJ, Farber D, Leitenberg D, Hong S, Johnson P,
Bottomly K. (1994) Isoforms of the transmembrane tyrosine
phosphatase CD45 differentially affect T cell recognition.
Immunity 1, 109-119.
97. Orbach A, Rachmilewitz J, Shani N, Isenberg Y, Parnas M,
Huang JH, et al. (2010) CD40 FasL and CTLA-4 FasL fusion
proteins induce apoptosis in malignant cell lines by dual
signaling. Am. J. Pathol. 177, 3159-3168.
98. Tran NL, McDonough WS, Donohue PJ, Winkles JA, Berens
TJ, Ross KR, et al. (2003) The human Fn14 receptor gene
is up-regulated in migrating glioma cells in vitro and over-
expressed in advanced glial tumors. Am. J. Pathol. 162,
1313-1321.
99. Zhao H, Langerod A, Ji Y, Nowels KW, Nesland JM, Tib-
shirani R, et al. (2004) Different gene expression patterns in
invasive lobular and ductal carcinomas of

(2009) Fn14-TRAIL, a chimeric

intercellular signal exchanger, attenuates experimental

autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Am. J. Pathol. 174,

460-474.
81. Wajant H, Moosmayer D, Wuest T, Bartke T, Gerlach E,
Schonherr U, et al. (2001) Differential activation of TRAIL-
R1 and -2 by soluble and membrane TRAIL allows selective
surface antigen-directed activation of TRAIL-R2 by a soluble
TRAIL derivative. Oncogene 20, 4101-4106.
82. Ehrenschwender M, Wajant H. (2009) The role of FasL and
Fas in health and disease. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 647, 64-93.
83. Vignaux F, Vivier E, Malissen B, Depraetere V, Nagata S,
Golstein P. (1995) TCR/CD3 coupling to Fas-based cyto-
toxicity. J. Exp. Med. 181, 781-786.
84. Suda T, Okazaki T, Naito Y, Yokota T, Arai N, Ozaki S, et al.
(1995) Expression of the Fas ligand in cells of T cell lineage.
J. Immunol. 154, 3806-3813.
85. Dhein J, Walczak H, Baumler C, Debatin KM, Krammer PH.
(1995) Autocrine T-cell suicide mediated by APO-1
(Fas/CD95). Nature 373, 438-441.
86. Alderson MR, Tough TW, Davis-Smith T, Braddy S, Falk B,
Schooley KA, et al. (1995) Fas ligand mediates activation-
induced cell death in human T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med.
181, 71-77.
87. Russell JH, Rush B, Weaver C, Wang R. (1993) Mature T cells
of autoimmune lpr/lpr mice have a defect in antigen-stimulated
suicide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 4409-4413.
88. Ju ST, Panka DJ, Cui H, Ettinger R, el Khatib M, Sherr DH,
et al. (1995) Fas (CD95)/FasL interactions required for
programmed cell death after T-cell activation. Nature
373, 444-448.
89. Brunner T, Mogil RM, LaFace D, Yoo NJ, Mahboubi A,
Echeverri F, et al. (1995) Cell-autonomous Fas (CD95)/
Fas-ligand interaction mediates activation-induced apoptosis
in T-cell hybridomas. Nature 373, 441-444.
90. Dranitzki-Elhalel M, Huang JH, Sasson M, Rachmilewitz J,
Parnas M, Tykocinski ML. (2007) CD40 FasL inhibits human
T cells: evidence for an auto-inhibitory loop-back mecha-
nism. Int. Immunol. 19, 355-363.
91. Blair PJ, Riley JL, Harlan DM, Abe R, Tadaki DK, Hoffmann
SC, et al. (2000) CD40 ligand (CD154) triggers a short-term
CD4( þ ) T cell activation response that results in secretion of
immunomodulatory cytokines and apoptosis. J. Exp. Med.
191, 651-660.
92. Zheng G, Chen A, Weber M, Tykocinski M. (2003) T cells
painted with B7-1 and 4-1BB ligand auto-costimulate them-
selves. FASEB-Experimental Biology 2003, Abstr 414.3.

the breast.

Mol. Biol. Cell 15, 2523-2536.
100. Ozawa F, Friess H, Kleeff J, Xu ZW, Zimmermann A, Sheikh
MS, et al. (2001) Effects and expression of TRAIL and its
apoptosis-promoting receptors in human pancreatic cancer.
Cancer Lett. 163, 71-81.
101. Kawakita T, Shiraki K, Yamanaka Y, Yamaguchi Y, Saitou
Y, Enokimura N, et al. (2005) Functional expression of
TWEAK in human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. Int. J.
Oncol. 26, 87-93.
102. Kawakita T, Shiraki K, Yamanaka Y, Yamaguchi Y, Saitou Y,
Enokimura N, et al. (2004) Functional expression of TWEAK
in human hepatocellular carcinoma: possible implication in
cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Biochem. Biophys.
Res. Commun. 318, 726-733.
103. Wu GS. (2009) TRAIL as a target in anti-cancer therapy.
Cancer Lett. 285, 1-5.
104. Washburn B, Weigand MA, Grosse-Wilde A, Janke M, Stahl
H, Rieser E, et al. (2003) TNF-related apoptosis-inducing
ligand mediates tumoricidal activity of human monocytes
stimulated by newcastle disease virus. J. Immunol. 170,
1814-1821.
105. Shirley S, Morizot A, Micheau O. (2011) Regulating TRAIL
receptor-induced cell death at the membrane: a deadly
discussion. Recent. Pat. Anticancer Drug Discov. 6,
311-323.
106. Jeffery CJ. (2003) Moonlighting proteins: old proteins learn-
ing new tricks. Trends Genet. 19, 415-417.
107. Hurwitz AA, Kwon ED, van Elsas A. (2000) Costimulatory
wars: the tumor menace. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 12, 589-596.