Biomaterials for Gastrointestinal Medicine, Repair, and Reconstruction - Biomaterials Fabrication and Processing - page 633

20

Biomaterials for
Gastrointestinal Medicine,
Repair, and Reconstruction

Richard M. Day

CONTENTS

20.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 634
20.2 Biomaterials Used for Gastroesophageal Refl ux Disease................................................... 635
20.2.1 Gastroesophageal Refl ux Disease ........................................................................ 635
20.2.2 Sphincter Augmentation Using Biomaterials ...................................................... 635
20.2.2.1 Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer ..................................................... 635
20.3 Biomaterials Used for Gastrointestinal Fistula Repair ....................................................... 636
20.3.1 Gastrointestinal Fistulas........................................................................................ 636
20.3.2 Fistula Repair Using Biomaterials ........................................................................ 636
20.3.2.1 Fibrin Glue............................................................................................ 636
20.4 Bulking Biomaterials .......................................................................................................... 637
20.4.1 Fecal Incontinence................................................................................................. 637
20.4.2 Injectable Bulking Materials................................................................................. 638
20.4.2.1 Polymer Microspheres.......................................................................... 638
20.4.2.2 Collagen Bulking Materials ................................................................. 640
20.4.2.3 Zirconium Dioxide Microspheres ....................................................... 641
20.5 Biomaterials and Laparotomy Procedures.......................................................................... 641
20.5.1 Intra-Abdominal Adhesions .................................................................................. 641
20.5.2 Biomaterials to Prevent Intra-Abdominal Adhesions .......................................... 641
20.5.2.1 Hyaluronic Acid-Based Biomaterials .................................................. 641
20.5.2.2 Nanofi brous Sheets............................................................................... 642
20.6 Targeted Drug Delivery with Biomaterials......................................................................... 644
20.6.1 Drug Delivery to the Colon ................................................................................... 644
20.6.1.1 Chitosan-Based Drug Delivery Systems .............................................. 644
20.6.1.2 Alginate-Based Drug Delivery Systems............................................... 645
20.6.1.3 Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems................................................... 646
20.7 Biomaterials for Intestinal Tissue Engineering .................................................................. 647
20.7.1 Intestinal Failure and Tissue Engineering ............................................................. 647
20.7.2 Biomaterials Used for Intestinal Tissue Engineering............................................ 648
20.7.2.1 Fibrous Synthetic Polymer Scaffolds.................................................... 648
20.7.2.2 Foam Synthetic Polymer Scaffolds....................................................... 648
20.7.2.3 Collagen-Based Scaffolds..................................................................... 650
20.7.2.4 Indirect Three-Dimensional Printed Scaffolds .................................... 651
20.7.2.5 Neovascularization of Intestinal Tissue Engineering Scaffolds........... 651
20.8 Summary............................................................................................................................. 653
References ...................................................................................................................................... 654

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