Surface Modifi cation of Biomaterials Using Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition - Biomaterials Fabrication and Processing - page 573

19

Surface Modifi cation of
Biomaterials Using Plasma
Immersion Ion Implantation
and Deposition

Xuanyong Liu, Ricky K.Y. Fu, and Paul K. Chu

CONTENTS

19.1 Plasma Science and Technology.......................................................................................... 574
19.1.1 Plasma Sources ....................................................................................................... 574
19.1.1.1 Radio Frequency Discharge .................................................................... 574
19.1.1.2 Glow Discharge ....................................................................................... 575
19.1.1.3 Cathodic Arc Discharge .......................................................................... 575
19.1.2 Plasma Properties and Diagnostics ........................................................................ 576
19.2 Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition.......................................................... 578
19.2.1 Concepts and Fundamentals of PIII ....................................................................... 578
19.2.2 Ion-Solid Interactions Induced by Ion Implantation ............................................. 579
19.2.3 Deposition Process and Dynamics......................................................................... 580
19.2.4 PIII versus Conventional Beam-Line Ion Implantation ......................................... 581
19.2.5 Applications of PIII................................................................................................ 581
19.3 Surface Activation of Biomaterials ..................................................................................... 583
19.3.1 Hydrogen PIII ......................................................................................................... 583
19.3.1.1 Improvement of Bioactivity on Silicon ................................................... 583
19.3.1.2 Improvement of Bioactivity on Nano-TiO 2 Coatings.............................. 587
19.3.2 Ca/Na PIIID of Titanium ....................................................................................... 590
19.4 Surface Modifi cation of NiTi Alloy .................................................................................... 595
19.5 Surface Modifi cation of Blood-Contacting Materials ........................................................ 601
19.5.1 DLC Thin Films ..................................................................................................... 601
19.5.1.1 Infl uence of Flow Ratio on Structure and Hemocompatibility............... 602
19.5.1.2 Infl uence of Bias Voltage on Surface Property and Platelets Adhesion ...... 605
19.5.1.3 Infl uence of Annealing Temperature on Electrical Property
and Blood Behaviors.............................................................................. 608
19.5.1.4 Infl uence of Elemental Doping on Film Characteristics ........................ 610
19.5.2 Ti-O Thin Film ..................................................................................................... 614
19.6 Surface Modifi cation of Polymers for Enhanced Antibacterial Properties ........................ 618
19.6.1 Cu-Implanted Polymers.......................................................................................... 618
19.6.2 Grafting of Antimicrobial Reagents on Polymers ................................................. 622
19.7 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 623
Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... 623
References ...................................................................................................................................... 624

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