Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Gravitational feeding
Bubble injector
Capillary
High-voltage
power supply
Aerosol in
Critical orifice
Focusing lenses
Vacuum
pump
Orifice
Collector plate
Electrometer
Impactor
FIGURE 11.52 A schematic diagram of electrospraying for aerosolizing protein. (Reprinted from Gomez, A.
et al., J. Aerosol Sci. , 29, 561, 1998. © Elsevier Science. With permission.)
of them exhibited horseshoe morphology. The microstructure analysis yielded an average particle
size of 98 nm with a SD of 19 nm. The analysis of a similar microstructure obtained at a fl ow rate
of 0.38 µL/min yielded an average diameter of 117 nm with a SD of 27 nm. The stability and the
spraying mode in terms of the electrosprayed droplet size and monodispersity were primarily deter-
mined by the electrical conductivity and the concentration of the solution. The biological activity of
the electrosprayed insulin particles was confi rmed by comparing the binding properties on insulin
receptors with a control sample. The experiment demonstrated that the electrospraying technique
was suffi ciently “gentle” so as not to hinder the insulin biological activity during the aerosolization
process. Although the maximum production rate for monodispersed insulin nanoparticles prepared
using electrospraying is low, the overall production can be increased by multiplexing the nozzles.
Meanwhile, the production rate can also be increased by using a higher fl ow rate, which would
result in larger particle sizes.
11.2.8.5.2 Living Cells and Drugs
Jayasinghe et al. applied the electrospraying technique to aerosolize the living Jurkat cell suspension
for the fi rst time [111]. In the investigation, electrospraying was used to aerosolize and deposit living
cells onto the surface, and the results demonstrated that the living cells were viable and continued to
 
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