Electrohydrodynamic Processing of Micro- and Nanometer Biological Materials - Biomaterials Fabrication and Processing - page 303

PLG/solvent

CES

Metal hypodermic
needle

High
voltage

FFESS
Sharpened tungsten
needle

Sample
collection

Smooth
glass capillary

FIGURE 11.25 Schematic diagrams of FFESS and CES. (Reprinted from Berkland, C., Pack, D.W., and
Kim, K., Biomaterials , 25, 5649, 2004. © Elsevier Science. With permission.)

(a) (b)

(c)

(d)

FIGURE 11.26 SEM images of fi lms prepared using different voltages are as follows: (a) 4 kV, (b) 5 kV,
(c) 6 kV, and (d) 9 kV. Scale bar—5 µm. (Reprinted from Berkland, C., Pack, D.W., and Kim, K., Biomateri-
als , 25, 5649, 2004. © Elsevier Science. With permission.)