Self-Assembly of Nanostructures as Biomaterials - Biomaterials Fabrication and Processing - page 237

10

Self-Assembly of
Nanostructures as Biomaterials

Hua Ai, Yujiang Fan, and Zhongwei Gu

CONTENTS

10.1 Introduction to Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly................................................................... 238
10.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 238
10.1.2 Methods for LbL Self-Assembly ............................................................................ 238
10.1.3 Materials for LbL Self-Assembly .......................................................................... 239
10.1.4 Characterization of LbL Self-Assembly ................................................................ 242
10.2 Multilayered Biofi lms Through LbL Self-Assembly........................................................... 244
10.2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 244
10.2.2 Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Films for Cell Adhesion .......................................... 244
10.2.3 Ultrathin Coatings on Medical Implants ............................................................... 246
10.2.4 Drug Incorporation in Polyelectrolyte Films......................................................... 248
10.2.5 Micropatterning of Self-Assembled Structures ..................................................... 248
10.3 Polyelectrolyte Encapsulation for Drug/Gene Delivery ...................................................... 250
10.3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 250
10.3.2 Loading Biomacromolecules into Hollow Polyelectrolyte Shells ......................... 250
10.3.2.1 pH-Controlled Macromolecule Encapsulation ...................................... 252
10.3.2.2 Switch On/Off Capsule Opening through External
Magnetic Field ....................................................................................... 252
10.3.2.3 Porous Particles for Protein Encapsulation............................................ 253
10.3.2.4 Protection of Polyelectrolyte Capsules .................................................. 254
10.3.3 Microencapsulation for Gene Delivery.................................................................. 254
10.3.4 Direct Coating on Protein Aggregates................................................................... 255
10.3.5 Encapsulation of Small-Molecule Drug Micro/Nanoparticles .............................. 256
10.3.6 Carrier Surface Functionalization ......................................................................... 258
10.3.6.1 PEGylation of Polyelectrolyte Shells ..................................................... 258
10.3.6.2 Active Targeting of Capsules................................................................. 258
10.4 Polymeric Micelles for Drug and Gene Delivery................................................................ 259
10.4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 259
10.4.2 Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Micelles: PEO-PPO-PEO Block
Copolymer (Pluronic)............................................................................................. 259
10.4.3 Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Based on Aliphatic Polyesters ........................... 261
10.4.4 Block Copolymers Based on Poly l-Amino Acid (PLAA) ................................... 263
10.4.5 “Smart” Micelles for Drug Delivery Application.................................................. 265
10.5 Encapsulation of Biological Cells ....................................................................................... 267
10.6 Conclusions.......................................................................................................................... 268
Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... 269
References ...................................................................................................................................... 269

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