Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 1.2
List of Promising Scaffold Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
Biomaterials
Abbreviation
Application
Ceramics
[16,18]
Calcium phosphates [19-21]
Hydroxyapatite
Tricalcium phosphate
Biphasic calcium phosphate: HA and TCP
CaP
HA
TCP
BCP
Dental
Drug delivery
Scaffolds
Bioactive glasses [22-25]
Bioglass
Phosphate glasses
Dental
Drug delivery
Scaffolds
Bioactive Glass-Ceramics [26,27]
Apatite-Wollastonite
Ceravital
A/W
Dental
Drug delivery
Scaffolds
Polymers
[28-31]
Synthetic degradable polymers
Bulk biodegradable polymers
Aliphatic polyester
Poly(lactic acid)
Poly(d-lactic acid)
Poly(l-lactic acid)
Poly(d,l-lactic acid)
Poly(glycolic acid)
Poly(lactic-
co
-glycolic acid)
Poly(ε-caprolactone)
Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)
Poly(3- or 4-hydroxybutyrate)
Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)
Poly(3-hydroxyvalerate)
Polydioxanone
Poly(propylene fumarate)
Sutures
Dental
Orthopedic
Drug delivery
Scaffolds
PLA
PDLA
PLLA
PDLLA
PGA
PLGA
PCL
PHA
PHB
PHO
PHV
PPF
Surface bioerodible polymers
Poly(ortho esters)
Poly(anhydrides)
Poly(phosphazene)
Drug delivery
POE
PPHOS
Natural degradable polymers
Polysaccharides
Hyaluronan
Alginate
Chitosan
Proteins
Collagen
Fibrin
HyA
Composites
[12]
Composed of the above-mentioned ceramics and polymers
1.3.1.3 Mechanical Properties
The properties of synthetic calcium phosphates vary signifi cantly with their crystallinity, grain
size, porosity, and composition (e.g., calcium defi ciency). In general, the mechanical properties of
synthetic calcium phosphates decrease signifi cantly with increasing content of amorphous phase,
microporosity, and grain size. High crystallinity, low porosity, and small grain size tend to give
