Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
7.
Owing to the high inertia of the scan head mirror assemblies found in some con-
focal microscopes, the scan-beam dwell time can be longer at the edge of a scan
than the center, leading to uneven bleaches, especially of rectangles. Before pur-
chasing a confocal microscope for confocal-FRAP, the user should ensure that
this problem does not occur. The MRC-1000 instrument is not prone to this effect.
8.
To allow the collection of extended image series, a minimum computer RAM
size of 32 Mb is recommended.
9.
At short displacements from the bleach center (<10 pixels) the total signal is low
and also pixelation means radial positions cannot be accurately defined. How-
ever, the variance calculation is insensitive to bleached fluorophore concentra-
tion near the bleach center, and these effects do not constitute significant errors.
Conversely, variance calculations are very sensitive to bleached fluorophore con-
centrations distant from the bleach center. The accurate measurement of fluores-
cence intensities at such positions is thus very important.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to The Wellcome Trust for support.
References
1. Winlove, C. P. and Parker, K. H. P. (1995) The physiological functions of extra-
cellular matrix macromolecules, in Interstitium, Connective Tissue and Lymphat-
ics (Reed, R. K., McHale, N. G., Bert, J. L., Winlove, C. P., and Laine, G. A.,
eds.), Portland, London, UK, pp. 137-165.
2. Comper, W. D. and Laurent, T. C. (1978) Physiological functions of connective
tissue polysaccharides. Physiol. Rev. 58, 255-316.
3. Comper, W. D., ed. (1996) Extracellular Matrix. Harwood, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.
4. Maroudas, A. (1976) Balance between swelling pressure and collagen tension in
normal and degenerate cartilage. Nature 260, 808-809.
5. Grodzinsky, A. J. (1983) Electromechanical and physicochemical properties of
connective tissue. CRC Critical Rev. Bioeng. 14, 133-199.
6. Hardingham, T. E. and Fosang, A. (1992) Proteoglycans: many forms and many
functions. FASEB. J. 6, 861-870.
7. Urban, J. P. G., Holm, S., and Maroudas, A. (1982) Nutrition of the intervertebral
disk: Effect of fluid flow on solute transport. Clin. Orthop. 170, 293-302.
8. Hardingham, T. E., Muir, H., Kwan, M. K., Lai, W. M., and Mow, V. C. (1987)
Viscoelastic properties of proteoglycan solutions with varying proportions present
as aggregates. J. Orthop. Res. 5, 36-46.
9. Li, X. and Reed. W. F. (1991) Polyelectrolyte properties of proteoglycan mono-
mers. J. Chem. Phys . 94, 4658-4580.
10. Sheehan, J. K. Arundel, C., and Phelps, C. F. (1983) Effects of the cations sodium,
potassium and calcium on the interaction of hyaluronate chains: a light scattering
and viscometric study. Int. J. Biol. Macromol . 5, 222-228.
11. Harper, G. S., Comper, W. D. Preston, B. N., and Daivies, P. (1985) Concentra-
tion dependence of proteoglycan diffusion. Biopolymers 24, 2165-2173.
Search WWH ::




Custom Search