Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
normal faults are common, contains the main reserves of
the high-salinity chlorine-calcium waters (Durmishyan,
Rachinsky and Malysheva, 1971; Mekhtiyev and Rachinsky,
1967).
The identified connection of hydrochemistry with the fault morphol-
ogy is of a conceptual importance as it asserts the genetic conjunction of
the ground water composition with rock tectonic disruption voidance (i.e.,
the combination of pores, fractures, channels and other void spaces in the
rock):
t
The alkaline water appearance in the section intervals domi-
nated by hard waters, and the appearance of waters with ele-
vated alkalinity within the alkaline water medium are usually
associated with faults over the crestal (most faulted) areas
of local structures. The hard water appearance within the
alkaline medium is usually observed over structures' distant
plunges and flanks which are substantially less deformed.
t
In the areas of the alkaline water appearance within the
hard water medium with time occurs a regular change of
the water types from the hydrocarbonate-sodium through
sulphate-sodium and chlorine-magnesium to the chlorine-
calcium (III, V, VI
а
Horizons at the Puta prospect (Sultanov,
1936); V Horizon on the south flank of the Balakhany-
Sabunchi-Ramany field, I, II, III Horizons at Kalmas
(Mekhtiyev, Akhundov and Rachinsky, 1970), I-VII Horizons
at Kyurovdagh, Neftechala, Kyursangya, etc. (Ginis, 1966;
Gurbanov, Moldavsky and Rachinsky, 1966; Mustafayev, 1967).
t
With the approach to conductive faults within local highs in
all horizons, the ground water salinity declines with a paral-
lel decrease in the secondary salinity values in the hard water
medium and with the primary alkalinity factors increase in
the alkaline medium.
An example supporting the stated connection is provided in Figure 2.18.
It shows the correlation between the second salinity/primary alkalinity factors
and the distance from wells to the faults at the Kalmas prospect (Mekhtiyev,
Akhundov and Rachinsky, 1970): hard high-salinity waters (chlorine-cal-
cium type) are identified over the most subsided areas of local highs and
their separating lows. They are replaced by lower-salinity waters, often of a
