Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
disruptions of rock integrity occurring with the activation
of neotectonic processes.
12. The specific nature of the fluid-mass-transfer in the Alpine
basins causes the emergence there of a new type of natural
geo-fluid-dynamic systems. These are the cross-flow/injec-
tion systems with mostly through-passing flow of high-
pressure underground hydrotherms against the background
of substantially limited lateral flow. This form of the fluid-
mass-transfer is typical of deep areas of the stratisphere.
Sedimentary sections of individual regions are complete
geo-hydrodynamic systems hydraulically joining the basal
charge zones with the near-surface discharge zones.
13. The hydrocarbon saturation in the Alpine regions is mostly
secondary. It emerges as the offshoot of the cross-flow/
injection geo-fluid-dynamic system and is mandatorily
associated with the discharge zones and intervals of their
waterhead complexes where fluid-conducting rock integ-
rity disruptions develop. These disruptions are a neces-
sary condition for the formation of commercial oil and gas
occurrences.
14. The oil and gas occurrence distribution deep in the Alpine
basins is mostly of local nature. It is controlled by the
fault tectonics, which provides large-scale penetration
of high-pressure thermal fluids into the reservoirs from
hydrocarbon-producing zones in the basal horizons of the
sedimentary sections.
15. Zones of prevailing oil- and gas-accumulation and indi-
vidual fields in the reviewed regions are spatially associated
with local discharge areas of the plutonic ground waters.
These areas take the form of geo-hydrodynamic, piezo-
metric, geotemperature, isotope, palynological and other
anomalies of the respective fields.
16. In some zones and areas, the geologic environment facili-
tates intense injection of the section with depth fluids and
emigration to the surface of syngenetic waters from the
accumulating reservoirs. Predominantly oil accumulations
form in such zones and areas. Wherever the injection and
emigration are obstructed, the zones of predominant gas-
accumulation form.
17. The conceptual geologo-statistical modeling of oil and gas
accumulation was developed. It goes together with the