Geology Reference
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Figure 2.1 South Caspian Depression (west flank), Cretaceous. Schematic map
of total ground water salinity.
The water composition was compared for the local structures over the SE
plunge of the Caucasus Major meganticlinorium and a number of mud vol-
canoes in the Southern Kobystan and the Apsheron area with their roots in
the Mesozoic (Agalarova, 1945; Zeynalov, 1960). It was found that the waters
erupted/exuded by the volcanoes (Cheilakhtarma, Nardaranakhtarma,
Ayazakhtarma, Klych, Tashmardan, Lokbatan, Otmanbozdagh, Bibieybat
and some others, Table 2.3 (Akhundov, Mekhtiyev and Rachinsky, 1976),
are practically identical with the Middle Jurassic and Valanginian waters
(see Tables 2.1, 2.2).
The aforementioned mud volcanoes are far removed from the stated
area (sometimes by 100-120 km). The stated intervals are not exposed
on the surface and are sometimes found at a quite significant depth. The
Southern Kobystan and Apsheron are separated by a system of regional
faults from the axis of the plunging Caucasus Major Mesozoic folding.
Thus, the Middle Jurassic-Valanginian interval is practically isolated from
the present-day infiltration, which testifies to commonality within the
entire region of ultra-alkaline (i.e., with the primary alkalinity over 45%-
equiv.) low-salinity waters in the Middle Jurassic and Valanginian rocks.
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