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abnormally-high formation (AHFP) and pore (AHPP)
pressures.
t Epigenetic AHPP (“invasion halos”) in decompacted high-
porosity fluid-saturated clay seals/barriers over the sug-
gested crestal hydrocarbon accumulations of great height.
t Zones, areals and local depth and surface foci in the sug-
gested productive reservoirs where occurs the cross-flow/
injection discharge of lower thermal alkaline water and syn-
genetic hard chlorine-calcium saline waters and brines.
t Mud volcanism, surface and underwater oil-, gas- and
bitumen-shows.
Quantitative criteria of the hydrocarbon saturation . It is an established
fact that oil and gas occurrences in the Productive Sequence/Red-Bed
Sequence form under the dominant effect of hydrodynamical processes.
This opens an opportunity for quantitative hydrocarbon reserves, resources
and phase state evaluation in individual areas and prospects as functions of
parameters in the components of the South Caspian Basin's total geo-fluid-
dynamic field reviewed in Chapters 7, 8 and 9. The methodological base of
this approach is the probabilistic-statistical setting of the boundary param-
eters for the geologic medium. These parameters determine the “window”
(“fence”) for the possibility of oil, gas and condensate field formation or of
the absence of hydrocarbon saturation.
The data on 90 fields and 25 nonproductive structures were studied
for the region. The data cover all tectonic belts, lithofacies zones and sub-
zones. The study was conducted by way of pair and multiple correlations
between the density parameter of the GKZ-approved original hydrocar-
bon-in place amounts (Russian categories А+В+С 1 - parameter Q d ) and
33 geologо-physical parameters of local structures. These parameters per-
tain to tectono-structural, lithofacies, reservoir properties, hydrodynami-
cal, hydrochemical, geothermal and geobaric environment in the section
of these fields and structures (Rachinsky, 2007; 2008). They enable the
identification and modeling the environments of hydrocarbon migra-
tion, accumulation, preservation and dissipation. Trend interpolation of
the reserve density parameter on thoroughly appraised structures enabled
fine-tuning of their А+В+С 1 hydrocarbon reserves. The extrapolation onto
poorly studied and undrilled structures in the South Caspian facilitated
the evaluation of their prospective resources (see Table 11.4) and graphical
positioning in the Basin of the zero line for the Productive Sequence/Red-
Bed Sequence oil and gas occurrences.
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