Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Incorrectness of this approach assumes the need to develop and incor-
porate into practice a reliable complex of qualitative criteria and quantita-
tive parameters of hydrocarbon saturation. These parameters would take
into account the particulars of hydrocarbon migration, formation of their
aggregations, the phase state, the accumulation and field preservation and
dissipation conditions.
Qualitative criteria of the hydrocarbon saturation . he study conducted
in Chapters 7 and 8 enables a conclusion, provided the other necessary
and sufficient factors are in place, that common geo-fluid-dynamic pre-
conditions of the probability of commercial oil and gas saturation in the
Productive Sequence / Red-Bed Sequence in the South Caspian Basin
at the reconnaissance (estimation) and initial exploration and appraisal
stages are:
t Combined mosaic presence in reservoir intervals on local
highs (tentatively estimated to be potentially oil- and gas-
saturated) of ground waters (substantially diverse in their
salinity, component composition, stratigraphy) and their
mixtures in various proportions.
t The occurrence of invasion areals (hydrodynamic anoma-
lies formed by hydrocarbonate-sodium ground waters from
the lower hydrogeological stage, drastically different in their
ion-salt composition and salinity) in the upper intervals of
hard high-salinity waters in the Productive Sequence/Red-
Bed Sequence of the forecast structure.
t Inverse hydrochemical profile in the crestal zones of local
highs (salinity decrease with depth and simultaneous change
in the water type from hard to alkaline); this is against the
background of regional presence in the water medium in the
structures' peripheral areas of vertically component- and
salinity-stable hard chlorine-calcium waters and brines.
t The existence within individual large hydraulically isolated
hydro-tectono-blocks (steps) separated by regional (often
intercrossing) faults of local relative baric minima and ther-
mal maxima. These are combined with hydrodynamical,
isotope and palynological distortions of the correspond-
ing fields and reacting to vari-intense local drainage foci of
the hydrodynamical subsystem. The hydro-tectono-blocks
(steps) have the background distribution of lowered thermal
gradients at relatively high temperatures and significantly
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