Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
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The functional association between all reviewed parameters
(gradients, structures' per unit volume faulting and inten-
sity, formation pressure abnormality and the extent of sec-
tion's invasion by thermal fluids) is a testimony of the accord
and objective nature of the geologic process causing them.
This process is vertical oil, gas and ground water migration
from deeply buried intervals of the sediment cover typical of
the Alpine zones.
Thus, we established several important factors based on the data on the
present-day geo-fluid-dynamics of Alpine mobile belt basins:
1. An important role of abnormally high pore pressure within
thick spatially-continuous Cenozoic clay sequences in oro-
genesis, regional and local structure-formation, diapirism,
emergence of fault and nappe tectonics and mud volcanism.
2. Limited development within these basins of infiltration
waterhead systems showing up mostly within narrow
peripheral piedmont zones of the intermontane basins and
foredeep troughs.
3. Limited in space and time role of folded mountainous frame-
work and peripheral areas of meteoric charge in the ground
water dynamics of deep stratispheric horizons.
4. Low likelihood of functioning elision waterhead systems in
the internal zones of ground water basins at depth intervals
over 2,000 m. At great depths the amount of fluids squeezed-
out of rock unit volume per unit time does not provide for
a lateral ground water flow from the basins' center to their
periphery.
5. The presence in the sedimentary sections of thermobarically-
open and thermobarically-closed local structures. The for-
mer ones have minimal geothermal gradients and formation
pressure abnormality factors and optimal conditions for
intense vertical discharge and natural fluid migration. The
latter ones have maximum values of these parameters and
substantially limited ground water and hydrocarbon flow
oriented in the same direction.
6. Under observance of other general geology necessity and
sufficiency criteria in the reservoir series, the minimiza-
tion of AHFP gradients in general case corresponds with
the orientation of relatively unlimited, mostly vertical