Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
5.2.2 Foredeeps
5.2.2.1
The Carpathian Foredeep
The hydrodynamical environment in the upper Cretaceous-Oligocene
complex of the trough's Internal zone is complex and differentiated. The
likelihood of a large-scale elision ground water low is low. That and the
currently operating water-exchange mostly by way of through-passing
vertical interformational cross-flow determined the existence in the sec-
tion of hydraulically-separated waterhead reservoirs with unlikely areal
hydrodynamical communications between them. This is supported by the
following:
t
The flyshoid outlook of the section.
t
The absence of laterally-consistent reservoir members.
t
The fault-block structure of the region and of local highs.
t
Prevailing association of ground waters with faulted zones.
t
Varying extent of communication between water-saturated
intervals and the surface.
t
The commonality of high-amplitude regional faults hydrau-
lically isolating the subsided trough's area from the uplifted
areas, mosaicity of hydrochemical, geobaric and geothermal
fields.
t
The presence of local positive and negative salinity anom-
alies accompanied by piezometric, isotopic and paly-
nologycal (Zinenko, 1975. Kolody, 1983) background
disturbances.
t
The regional skib
2
-nappe, overthrust-reverse fault tectonics
of local structural forms, often with fold overturning.
t
Azonal ground water distribution by salinity, type and com-
ponent composition.
Beside the aforementioned, the dominance in the region of vertical fluid
migration through the system of tectonic unconformities and elevated
fracturing zones is supported and clearly identified by mandatory spatial
association between vein-dyke manifestations of ozokerite (mineral wax)
3
and zones, areas and foci of powerful ground water discharge (Borislav,
Dzvinyach, Starunya, Polyanitsa and some other fields).
2
Skib is the local name for a tectonic scale.
3
An oil series hydrocarbon degrading product: Dolenko, 1962; Kolody, 1983.
