Nanobiotechnology in Cardiovascular Disorders - Applications of Biotechnology in Cardiovascular Therapeutics - page 146

Table 6.1 Nanomedicine in the twenty-first century
Nanodiagnostics
Molecular diagnostics
Nanoendoscopy
Nanoimaging
Nanotechnology-based drugs
Drugs with improved methods of delivery
Regenerative medicine
Tissue engineering with nanotechnology
Transplantation medicine
Exosomes from donor dendritic cells for drug-free organ transplants
Nanorobotic treatments
Vascular surgery by nanorobots introduced into the vascular system
Nanorobots for detection and destruction of cancer
Implants
Bioimplantable sensors that bridge the gap between electronic and neurological circuitry
Durable rejection-resistant artificial tissues and organs
Implantations of nanocoated stents in coronary arteries to elute drugs and to prevent reocclusion
Implantation of nanopumps for drug delivery
Minimally invasive surgery using catheters
Miniaturized nanosensors implanted in catheters to provide real-time data to surgeons
NanoSurgery by integration of nanoparticles and external energy
© JainPharmaBiotech
Nanotechnology-Based Cardiovascular Diagnosis
Nanobiotechnology for Molecular Diagnostics
Numerous nanodevices and nanosystems for sequencing single molecules of
DNA are feasible. It seems quite likely that there will be numerous applications
of inorganic nanostructures in biology and medicine as markers. Given the inher-
ent nanoscale of receptors, pores, and other functional components of living cells,
the detailed monitoring and analysis of these components will be made possible by
the development of a new class of nanoscale probes. Biological tests measuring the
presence or activity of selected substances become quicker, more sensitive, and
more flexible when certain nanoscale particles are put to work as tags or labels.
Nanotechnology will improve the sensitivity and integration of analytical methods
to yield a more coherent evaluation of life processes. Potential applications of
nanotechnology in molecular diagnostics are self-diagnostics for use in the home
and sensors for labs-on-a-chip (Jain 2007 ). A classification of nanotechnologies
with potential applications in molecular diagnostics is shown in Table 6.2 . Many of
these are used for both nucleic acids and proteins.