Reference types - Data Structures and Problem Solving Using Java - page 50

figure 2.12
Common standard
runtime exceptions

Standard Runtime Exception Meaning

ArithmeticException

Overflow or integer division by zero.

NumberFormatException

Illegal conversion of String to numeric type.

IndexOutOfBoundsException

Illegal index into an array or String .

NegativeArraySizeException

Attempt to create a negative-length array.

NullPointerException

Illegal attempt to use a null reference.

SecurityException

Run-time security violation.

NoSuchElementException

Failed attempt to obtain “next” item

caught. A notable violation of this principle is NumberFormatException , but
NullPointerException is more typical.

Most exceptions are of the standard checked exception variety. If a
method is called that might either directly or indirectly throw a standard
checked exception, then the programmer must either provide a catch block
for it, or explicitly indicate that the exception is to be propagated by use
of a throws clause in the method declaration. Note that eventually it should
be handled because it is terrible style for main to have a throws
clause. Some of the common standard checked exceptions are shown in
Figure 2.13.

Checked excep-
tions must be han-
dled or listed in a
throws clause.

Errors are virtual machine problems. OutOfMemoryError is the most com-
mon error. Others include InternalError and the infamous UnknownError , in
which the virtual machine has decided that it is in trouble, does not know
why, but does not want to continue. Generally speaking, an Error is unre-
coverable and should not be caught.

Errors are unrecov-
erable exceptions.

figure 2.13
Common standard
checked exceptions

Standard Checked Exception Meaning

java.io.EOFException

End-of-file before completion of input.

java.io.FileNotFoundException

File not found to open.

java.io.IOException

Includes most I/O exceptions.

InterruptedException

Thrown by the Thread.sleep method.