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36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
(a)
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
(b)
0.4
P
= 0.064
220
220
200
190
180
170
160
150
(c)
Pre
Day 10
Day 17
FIGURE 23.3
Effects of dietary supplementation with carotenoids on (a) serum carotenoid concentra-
tions, (b) serum concentrations of ROMs, and (c) serum antioxidant capacity (OXY), in nestling European
kestrels (
Falco tinnunculus
). Open circles are nonsupplemented controls, and closed circles are carotenoid-
supplemented birds. Means ± SE are shown. Means that are signii cantly different are denoted by asterisks
(
*
P
< 0.05;
**
P
< 0.01;
***
P
< 0.001).
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