Lycopene Oxidation, Uptake, and Activity in Human Prostate Cell Cultures - Carotenoids: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Functions and Properties - page 451

TABLE 21.3 Lycopene Effects on Prostate Cell IGF Signaling

Measurement and
Methods Reference Cell Type Lycopene Treatment Solvent Incubation Outcome

Ivonov et al.
(2007)

PC-3 LycoPen = 37.8%

lycopene, water
miscible LycoTrue
92.4% in THF
0.1-10 μM

H 2 O THF/
BHT

48 h IGF -1 and IGFBP-3 in

culture media by IRMA
kit

No difference in IGF-1 secretion by cells
treated with 20-60 μM lycopene; IGFBP-3
secretion increased by 1.5- to 2-fold

Cellular IGF-1 and
IGF-IR by specii c
antibody reactions with
SDS-PAGE isolated
protein

Increased cellular IGFBP-3 with 60 μM
lycopene independent of IGF-1
stimulation; Lycopene down-regulated
IGF-1 stimulated IGF-IR production

Kanagaraj et al.
(2007)

PC-3 97% pure lycopene from

tomatoes 20, 40, 60 μM
IGF-1 at 50 ng/mL

THF 24, 48, 72, 96 h Cell viability by Trypan

Blue

Increased dead cell number; lycopene +
IGF-1 increased dead cell number further

Cell viability by MTT 25%-30% reduced mitochondria-mediated

viable cells

Proliferation by
thymidine labeling

Reduced IGF-1 stimulated proliferation by
50% at 40 μM

IGF-1 expression by
Western blot; secretion
by IRA

No difference in IGF-1 in culture media

IGFBP-3 expression by
Western blot; secretion
by IRA

Increased by 1.5- to 2-fold at 40 μM in cells
and culture media; IGF-1 stimulation +
lycopene increased IGFBP-3 levels while
IGF-1 alone decreased BP by twofold

IGF-IR expression by
Western blot

No difference; IGF-1 stimulated IGF-IR
expression but added lycopene decreased
its expression

Apoptosis by l ow
cytometry

22% early, 13% late apoptosis at 20 μM for
24 h

DNA fragmentation by
agarose gel
electrophoresis

Observed after 48 h

( continued )