Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Forbes et al.
(2003)
PC-3 PC-3MM
2
—very
invasive
Sigma lycopene
solubilized in 1:2000
dilution of chloroform
1 μM
Chloroform
8 days
media
refreshed
every 4
days
Proliferation by
counts
Growth reduction in PC-3 but not PC-3MM
2
Connexin 43
No detectable levels in PC-3MM
2
but slight up-regulation
in PC-3
In vitro
invasion
through
trans-well
polycarbonate
membranes
8.0 μm pores
100% increase in invasiveness in PC-3MM
2
UPAR expression
Increased in PC-3MM
2
UPA expression
No difference
PA-1 expression
No difference
No effect on PC-3 cells
Pastori et al.
(1998)
PC-3 DU-145
THF
Unknown
Proliferation by
cell count and
thymidine
labeling
Lycopene alone had modest effect (48% in DU 145) but
1 μM lycopene + 50 μM α-tocopherol inhibited cell
growth by 40% in PC-3 and 88% in DU 145 cells.
Degree of synergy was > 50% for 0.2-1.5 μM lycopene
but dropped dramatically at ≥ 2 μM lycopene
1-5 μM lycopene +
50 μM α-tocopherol
No inhibition synergy with these antioxidants
50 μM β-tocopherol,
probucol, ascorbic
acid
Note:
THF = tetrahydrofuran; BrdU = bromodeoxyuridine; Lyco-Red = 10% lycopene water miscible beadlet containing small amounts of phytoeine, phytol uen, tocopherol from LycoRed
Corp, Orange, NJ; DMSO = dimethysulfoxide; Roche beadlets = 10% lycopene water miscible beadlet now from DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Persippany, NY; TUNEL = terminal
deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; RA = retinoic acid; uPAR = urokinase plasminogen activator receptor; uPA = urokinase; PA-1 = plasminogen activator 1; LNCaP,
PC-3, DU-145 = neoplastic prostate epithelial cells (see Table 21.1).
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