Properties of Carotenoid Radicals and Excited States and Their Potential Role in Biological Systems - Carotenoids: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Functions and Properties - page 305

Böhm, F., Edge, R., Land, E.J., McGarvey, D.J., and Truscott, T.G. 1997. Carotenoids enhance vitamin E
antioxidant efi ciency. J. Am. Chem. Soc . 119:621-622.
Burke, M. 2001. Pulsed radiation studies of carotenoid radicals and excited states, PhD thesis, University of
Keele, Keele, U.K.
Burke, M., Edge, R., Land, E.J., and Truscott, T.G. 2001a. Characterisation of carotenoid radical cations in
liposomal environments: interaction with vitamin C. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol . 60:1-6.
Burke, M., Edge, R., Land, E.J., McGarvey, D.J., and Truscott, T.G. 2001b. One-electron reduction potentials
of dietary carotenoid radical cations in aqueous micellar environments. FEBS Lett . 500:132-136.
Burton, G.W. and Ingold, K.U. 1984. β-carotene: An unusual type of lipid antioxidant. Science 224:569-573.
Cantrell, A., McGarvey, D.J., Truscott, T.G., Rancan, F., and Boehm, F. 2003. Singlet oxygen quenching by
dietary carotenoids in a model membrane environment. Arch. Biochem. Biophys . 412:47-54.
Cantrell, A., Land, E.J., and Truscott, T.G. 2006. Pulsed radiation studies of xanthophylls. In The Life and
Scientii c Legacy of George Porter , eds. D. Phillips and J. Barber, pp. 438-447. London: Imperial
College Press.
Chaturvedi, V.K. and Kurup, C.K.R. 1986. Interaction of lutein with phosphotidylcholine bilayers. Biochim.
Biophys. Acta 860:286-292.
Conn, P.F., Schalch, W., and Truscott, T.G. 1991. The singlet oxygen and carotenoid interaction. J. Photochem.
Photobiol. B: Biol . 11:41-47.
Conn, P.F., Lambert, C., Land, E.J., Schalch, W., and Truscott, T.G. 1992. Carotene-oxygen radical interactions.
Free Rad. Res. Commun . 16:401-408.
Cueto, R. and Pryor, W.A. 1994. Cigarette smoke chemistry: conversion of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide
and reactions of nitrogen oxides with other smoke components as studied by fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy. Vib. Spectrosc . 7:97-111.
Dawe E.A. and Land E.J. 1975. Radical ions derived from photosynthetic polyenes. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday
Trans. I 71:2162-2169.
Devasagayam, T.P.A., Werner, T., Ippendorf, H., Martin H.-D., and Sies, H. 1992. Synthetic carotenoids, novel
polyene polyketones and new capsorubin isomers as efi cient quenchers of singlet molecular oxygen.
Photochem. Photobiol . 55:511-514.
Edge, R. 1998. Spectroscopic and kinetic investigations of carotenoid radical ions and excited states, PhD
thesis, Keele University, Keele, U.K.
Edge, R., McGarvey, D.J., and Truscott, T.G. 1997. The carotenoids as antioxidants - A review. J. Photochem.
Photobiol. B: Biol . 41:189-200.
Edge, R., Land, E.J., McGarvey, D.J., Burke, M., and Truscott, T.G. 2000. The reduction potential of the
β-carotene •+ /β-carotene couple in an aqueous micro heterogeneous environment. FEBS Lett . 471:125-7.
Edge, R., El-Agamey, A., Land E.J., Navaratnam, S.,and Truscott, T.G. 2007. Studies of carotenoid one-electron
reduction radicals. Arch. Biochem. Biopys . 458:104-110.
El-Agamey, A. and McGarvey, D.J. 2003. Evidence for a lack of reactivity of carotenoid radicals towards oxy-
gen: A laser l ash photolysis study of the reactions of carotenoids with acylperoxyl radicals in polar and
non-polar solvents. J. Am. Chem. Soc . 125:3330-3340.
El-Agamey, A. and McGarvey, D.J. 2005. First direct observation of reversible oxygen addition to a carotenoid-
derived carbon-centered neutral radical. Org. Lett . 18:3957-3960.
El-Agamey, A., Edge, R., Navaratnam, S., Land, E.J., and Truscott, T.G. 2006. Carotenoid radical anions and
their protonated derivatives. Org. Lett. 8:4255-4258.
El-Agamey, A. and McGarvey, D.J. 2007. The reactivity of carotenoid radicals with oxygen. Free Rad. Res .
41:295-302.
Everett, S.A., Kundu, S.C., Maddix, S., and Willson, R.L. 1995. Mechanisms of free-radical scavenging by the
nutritional antioxidant β-carotene. Biochem. Soc. Trans . 23:230S.
Everett, S.A., Dennis, M.F., Patel, K.B., Maddix, S., Kundu, S.C., and Willson, R.L. 1996. Scavenging of nitro-
gen dioxide, thiol, and sulphonyl free radicals by the nutritional antioxidant β-carotene. J. Biol. Chem .
271:3988-3994.
Farmilo, A. and Wilkinson, F. 1973. On the mechanism of quenching of singlet oxygen in solution. Photochem.
Photobiol . 18:447-450.
Foote, C.S. and Denny R.W. 1968. Chemistry of singlet oxygen. VIII. Quenching by β-carotene. J. Am. Chem.
Soc . 90:6233-6235.
Gabr, I., Patel, R.P., Symons, M.C.R., and Wilson, M.T. 1995. Novel reactions of nitric oxide in biological
systems. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun . 915-916.
Grant, J.L., Kramer, V.J., Ding, R., and Kispert, L.D. 1988. Carotenoid cation radicals: Electromechanical,
optical and EPR study. J. Am. Chem. Soc . 110:2151-2157.