Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
best decellularization efficiency / functional characteristics ratio. Moreover, some additional
treatment can be performed following the decellularization step in order to improve the
mechanical and biological features of the graft.
4. Pericardial extracellular matrix treatment
The decellularization process will lead to important alterations of the biomaterial. Its
mechanical strength will be diminished and after implantation it will undergo rapid
resorption. Hence, approximately 60% of the mass of the ECM is degraded and resorbed
between one and three months after
in vivo
grafting (Badylak & Gilbert, 2008). It has also
been noted that acellular pericardial tissue, mostly made of type I collagen, is highly
thrombogenic (Keuren et al., 2004). Finally, preventing calcification of the graft is also a
priority to ensure the long-term benefit of the implantation.
To optimize the features of the bioprosthesis before its clinical grafting, several treatments
have been developed and are summarized in Table 1.
Reagents
References
Acyl azide
(Petite et al., 1990)
Carbodiimides
(Sung et al., 2003)
Cyanimide
(Pereira et al., 1990)
Dye-mediated photooxidation
(Moore et al., 1994)
Epoxy compound
(Sung et al., 1997)
Formaldehyde
(Nimni et al, 1988)
Genepin
(Sung et al., 1999, 2003; Wei et al., 2005)
Cross-linking
treatment
Glutaraldehyde
(Huang-Lee et al, 1990; Jayakrishnan et al.,
1996; Thubrikar et al., 1983)
Glutaraldehyde acetals
(Yoshioka et al., 2008)
Penta-golloyl glucose
(Tedder et al., 2008)
Phytate
(Grases et al., 2006, 2008)
Proanthocyanidin
(Han et al., 2003)
Reuterin
(Chen et al., 2002)
Tannic acid
(Cwalina et al., 2005; Jastrzebska et al., 2006;
Wang et al., 2008)
Chitosan
(Nogueira et al., 2010)
RGD polypeptides
(Dong et al., 2009)
Coating
treatment
Silk fibroin
(Nogueira et al., 2010)
Heparin sodium
(Lee et al., 2000)
Titanium
(Guldner et al., 2009)
Amino acids
(Jorge-Herrero et al., 1996;
Moritz et al., 1991)
Glycine
(Lee et al., 2010)
Heparin
(Lee et al., 2000, 2001)
Post-fixative
treatment
Hyaluronic acid
(Ohri et al., 2004)
L-arginine
(Jee et al., 2003)
L-glutamic
(Grimm et al., 1991; Leukauf et al., 1993)
Lyophilization
(Santibáñez-Salgado et al., 2010)
Sulphonated poly(ethylene oxide)
(Lee et al., 2001)
Table 1. Pericardial processing.
