Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2011 (396 million). At the same time, however, there has been a rise in prices in the
evening, when conventional power plants recover the income eroded by PV during the day.
(QualEnergia
2013b
).
13
To meet growing demand, annual cereal production will need to rise from the current
yield of 2.1 billion tonnes to 3 billion tonnes, and annual meat production will need to
increase from 200 million to 470 million tonnes (FAO
2009
).
14
The Millennium Development Goals are eight international development targets set
by the United Nations in 2000 for achievement by 2015. These are: (1) eradicating
extreme poverty and hunger, (2) achieving universal primary education, (3) promoting
gender equality and empowering women, (4) reducing child mortality rates, (5) improving
maternal health, (6) combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, (7) ensuring
environmental sustainability and (8) developing a global partnership for development.
15
Gross domestic product is the market value of all goods and services produced within
a country. Developed in the 1930s, GDP has become the most common way of measuring
the size of a country's economy.
16
Heat recovery ventilation transfers heat from the stale air expelled to the fresh air taken
in.
17
China is targeting a 16 per cent reduction in energy intensity by 2015; the United States
has adopted new fuel economy standards; and Japan aims to cut its electricity consumption
by 10 per cent by 2030 (IEA
2012a
).
18
Eighty per cent of the potential in the buildings sector and more than 50 per cent in
industry (IEA
2012a
).
19
Electric vehicles comprise plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, battery-electric vehicles,
