Challenging Times - The Renaissance of Renewable Energy - page 186

10 India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel.
11 Total nuclear fuel costs, which include mining and milling of raw uranium, as well as
enrichment and fabrication of nuclear fuel, come to only 0.7 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour,
or between 10 per cent and 20 per cent of the overall costs of nuclear electricity, compared
with 25-35 per cent for coal and 60-70 per cent for gas (IEA 2010a ; WNA 2005 ).
12 According to a 2003 U.S. congressional budget office report, capital costs per kilowatt
of capacity for nuclear power plants are 40 per cent to 250 per cent above those for
electricityplantsusinggasandcoal.Constructiontimefornuclearpowerplantsvariesfrom
six to twelve years (Cooper 2009 ) .
13 As of July 2012, the oil spill had cost BP close to US$40 billion, more than one and a
half times the company's annual profits ( Guardian , July 31, 2012).
14 These are the only accidents that have been categorized at Level 5 or higher on the
IAEA International Nuclear Events Scale.