Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1
These were Chevron, Texaco, Exxon, Gulf, Mobil, Anglo-Iranian (now BP) and Shell.
2
OPEC was founded by Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela; it expanded
over the next decade to include all the main Middle Eastern and African producers.
3
This mechanism has only been used three times since the organization's foundation in
1974; during the Gulf crisis of 1990-1991, in the aftermath of hurricanes Katrina and Rita
in 2005, and during the civil war in Libya in 2011.
4
See CNNMoney:
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/full_list/
.
5
Declaration of the World Climate Conference of the World Meteorological Organization
6
“Partspermillion”isatermcommonlyusedtoquantifylevelsofairpollution.Itliterally
means the number of molecules of a given pollutant in one million molecules of air.
7
The report focused on five areas: population, food production, industry, pollution, and
resource consumption. The report's dire predictions about population growth have not been
realised. Global population has roughly doubled since the
Limits of Growth
was published,
and while poverty and malnourishment remain major problems, proportionally no more so
than in 1972.
8
The Convention on Biological Diversity, signed by 150 government leaders at the 1992
Rio Earth Summit and entered into force on December 29, 1993, is dedicated to promoting
sustainable development and recognizes that biological diversity is about more than plants,
animals, and microorganisms and their ecosystems - it is also about people and food
security, medicines, fresh air and water, shelter, and a clean and healthy environment in
which to live. It has three main objectives: (1) the conservation of biological diversity; (2)
the sustainable use of the components of biological diversity; (3) the fair and equitable
sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.
9
The baseline year under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
