Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 3.5. Cândido Ramirez at the Itaóca Village, 2001.
Figure 3.6. Cândido Ramirez and his wife, after moving to the Ribeirão Silveira Village,
in Ubatuba, 2006.
In this Chapter, I follow the classification advanced by Schaden (1974) and use the
term “Mbyá” to designate the Tupi-speaking adults and children who live in Itaóca
and who identify themselves as “Guarani verdadeiros” or “Hete'i,” and “Nhandeva”
to distinguish Portuguese-speaking individuals who identify themselves as Tupi or
Tupi-Guarani. The two groups do not interact in a systematic way on the Itaóca
