Biomedical Engineering Reference
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and stained by Toluidine blue. Stereology is carried out on a DM4000B microscope equip‐
ped with a DFC320 digital camera and an IM50 image manager system (Leica Microsystems,
Wetzlar, Germany). Systematic random sampling and D-disector is always adopted using a
protocol previously described [115, 116]. Fiber density and total number of myelinated fi‐
bers is estimated together with fiber and axon diameter and myelin thickness.
3.3. Results
3.3.1. Differentiation and metabolism of MSCs from Wharton's jelly
In our experimental studies we expanded undifferentiated MSCs from human umbilical
cord Wharton's jelly that exhibited a normal star-like shape with a flat morphology in cul‐
ture (Figures 4 and 5). To prevent the possibility of eventual mutations due to expansion ar‐
tifacts, a total of 20 Giemsa-stained metaphases of these cells, were analyzed for numerical
aberrations. Sporadic, non-clonal aneuploidy was found in 3 cells (41-45 chromosomes). The
other 17 metaphases had 46 chromosomes (Figure 7). The karyotype was determined in a
completely analyzed G-banding metaphase. No structural alterations were found. The kar‐
yotype analysis to the MSCs cell line derived from Human Wharton jelly demonstrated that
this cell line has not neoplastic characteristics and is stable during the cell culture proce‐
dures in terms of number and structure of the somatic and sexual chromosomes [55].
Figure 7.
Selected metaphases from undifferentiated MSC cells isolated from Wharton's jelly, showing the normal
number of chromosomes (46, XY). Magnification: 1000X.
We differentiated MSC from Wharton's Jelly into neuroglial-like cells. After 96 hours of in‐
cubation in neurogenic medium, we observed a morphological change. The cells became ex‐
ceedingly long and there was a formation of typical neural-like cells with multi-branches
and secondary branches (Figure 6). The differentiation was tested based on the expression of
typical neuronal markers such as GFAP, GAP-43 and NeuN by neural-like cells attained
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