The Integrations of Biomaterials and Rapid Prototyping Techniques for Intelligent Manufacturing of Complex Organs - Advances in Biomaterials Science and Biomedical Applications - page 437

comprehensive multidisciplinary effort from biology, implantable biomaterials, and rapid
To manufacture a complex organ, cells act like building blocks and have special functions. A
ic manner.
derived cells) and computer-aided design (CAD) models in a fast, easy, cheap and automat‐
manufacture complex organs from biocompatible materials (including non-immune patient
ly expanded, and multipotent cell source [11]. It has been a long-term goal in this field to
pose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent one of the most abundant, easily cultured, rapid‐
high-profile and promising areas of 21 st century science [8-10]. Typically, autologous adi‐
multiple cell types [7]. On the other hand, stem cell research has emerged as one of the most
creased thicknesses above 80 μm [6]. Decellularized matrices are hard to be repopulated by
loss, low stability, and poor efficiency [5]. Cell sheet technique cannot rescue tissues with in‐
within a limited time period [4]. Cell encapsulation techniques face the problems of capsule
immune rejections [3]. Extracorporeal support systems perform some specific functions
Orthotopic organ transplantation is severely limited by the problems of donor shortage and
countries despite advances in pharmacological, interventional, and surgical therapies [2].
and kidney. Currently, complex organ failures are the first cause of mortality in developed
organ. There are at least three different tissues in a complex organ, such as the liver, heart,
to serve a common function [1]. Ordinarily, cells self-assemble into tissues before forming an
In the human body, an organ is a composite of different tissues in an ordered structural unit
1. Introduction
Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
Marjo Yliperttula
Kaija-Stiina Paloheimo, Jouni Partanen and
Xiaohong Wang, Jukka Tuomi, Antti A. Mäkitie,
of Complex Organs
Prototyping Techniques for Intelligent Manufacturing
The Integrations of Biomaterials and Rapid
Chapter 17