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Figure 2-1. Embodied cognition.
Furthermore, according to the related theory of extended mind, thinking isn't limited to skin
and skull. Cognition is shaped by and extends into the surrounding environment. When we use
a pencil to sketch ideas, the pencil becomes an extension of our bodymind, and the marks we
make change the course of thought. We literally think on paper. In the words of cognitive scient-
ist Andy Clark, human cognition includes “inextricable tangles of feedback, feed-forward, and
feed-around loops: loops that promiscuously criss-cross the boundaries of brain, body, and
world.”
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