The Internet Phenomenon - Secure Java: For Web Application Development - page 9

By December 1969, initially, this network connected the University of Utah and the University of
California-Santa Barbara and soon turned into a much larger network. By 1981, the number of
nodes grew to about 213. ARPANET formed the core of network of the networks, what we now
call the Internet.
One of the most important contributions to the Internet, as we know it today, was by Tim
Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, making the irst proposal for it in March 1989.
He, with the help of Robert Cailliau, at European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN),
implemented the irst successful communication between an HTTP client and a server via the
Internet. Tim was also the author of HyperText Markup Language (HTML), which was used as
a language for communication over the Internet. HTML provides a means to create structured
documents by providing structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, and so
on. Even today, HTML is the language of the Web and is the foundation on which all Web pages
and Web applications are built.
he Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large open international community of net-
work designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet
architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. he goal of the IETF is to make the
Internet work better by producing high-quality, relevant technical documents that inluence the
way people design, use, and manage the Internet. To do this, the IETF allows researchers to
publish their discourses in the form of a Request for Comments (RFC) , which is a memorandum
published by the IETF describing methods, behaviors, research, or innovations applicable to the
working of the Internet and Internet-connected systems. hese RFCs are reviewed by the com-
munity at large, and some of these R FC proposals are published as Internet standards on the IETF
Web site.
he evolution of the Internet and the World Wide Web brought about fundamental changes in
the way individuals, educational institutions, governmental departments, the military, and busi-
nesses interact. In fact, the Internet has been termed as a revolution more than an evolution , as it
has enormously grown owing to the contributions of several organizations, companies, academics,
research institutions, and individual professionals all over the world. On the technology front, the
Internet uses the TCP/IP as its default protocol. It has introduced the concept of “browser client.”
Figure 1.4 shows a typical Web architecture. Note that the Web server forms the front end to the

Internet

Web Server

Application Server

Database Server

Legacy Application

Figure 1.4 Web architecture.