Modelling embedded technologies in energy service networks - Modelling Distributed Energy Resources in Energy Service Networks - page 73

HEV architecture

Mechanic coupler

ICE

Generator

Fuel tank

Electric motor

Battery

Electric coupler

PHEV architecture

Mechanic coupler

ICE

Charger

Generator

Fuel tank

Electric motor

Battery

Electric coupler

Electrical connection
Mechanical connection
Hydraulic connection

Figure 4.15 Schematic of a series-parallel PHEV unit [203]

h V2G

P G phev

P D phev h G2V PHEV

M G phev

h V2R

Figure 4.16 Efficiency indicators in a PHEV unit

The electrical power generation efficiency into the grid (V2G) can be described as:

P phev
G
V 2 G

(4.38)
where V 2 G is the net electric power flow output from the battery system (W el )
P phev
G

η V 2 G =

is the electric power injected by the PHEV to the grid (W el )