Concluding remarks - Modelling Distributed Energy Resources in Energy Service Networks - page 166

lowering electricity prices for consumers. Nevertheless, it should be stressed that
this approach could potentially increase the cost of natural gas as its demand
would increase.

8.2 Research beneficiaries

Different actors could benefit from the research presented in this topic; they include:

Distribution network operators : The investigation enables distribution network
operators (DNOs) to visualise the influence DER devices bring to local networks
regarding load profile variations and effects on key techno-economical variables.
As well, the simulations allow the DNOs to learn what power injections can
be expected from micro-CHP and PHEV units. Furthermore, the research also
identifies the potential benefits DNOs can experience if the current 'plug-and-
forget' operation strategy is modified to adopt other management approaches.

●

Regulators : Overall, the conducted research serves to provide many insights
which should make regulators devise policies that promote a 'shift' towards low
carbon energy systems through DERs. Regulators will gain from this work by
understanding broad concerns DNOs might have and should address in order
to successfully integrate embedded technologies into future network scenarios.
Also, in conjunction the regulator should reflect the commitment of implementing
local smart-grids that take advantage from the connected amounts of PHEV
and other distributed sources. In addition, economic incentives should consider
promoting flexible charging tariffs for PHEVs and attractive feed-in tariffs for
micro-CHPs.

●

Manufacturers : Results from this research support cogeneration manufactur-
ers, PHEV start-ups, power system software developers and communication
companies to continue pushing their research efforts towards achieving more
efficient and smarter infrastructures; therefore, supporting an efficient imple-
mentation of DER technologies in distribution networks.

●

Academics : The proposed modelling principles serve as a reference to academics
who become concerned on how to model future energy service networks. As a
result, the TCOPF program lays the basic framework on which studies regarding
the coordination between distributed sources and grid operators can be developed.
Particularly, the spatial temporal element of PHEVs detailed in Chapter 7 is a
novel approach to this area of power systems - much potential exists in this area
for future engineers to address.

●

Society : The advancement towards a more decentralised energy environment will
affect the way utilities and regulators conduct business in energy provision. This
situation will lead the consumers to experience in varying degrees the impacts
DERs can bring to their day-to-day activities, be it through altering consumption
behaviour or the source from which they consume energy. Furthermore, the
DER penetration should also affect consumers through changes in energy tariff
schemes and probable carbon emission reductions, thus translating into societal
benefits.

●