Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.10
Natural gas peak-to-base load
demand ratios
TCOPF case
Peak-to-base load demand ratio
1
45.28
2
51.54
3
56.92
4
25.07
5
10.20
6
16.80
7
15.24
there is a peak-to-base demand ratio of 45.28. Table 6.10 details the peak-to-
base demand ratio for all case studies. Despite the presence of cogeneration units
with storage capabilities, the moments during the day in which the base and peak
demands occur remain unchanged; the only exception to this situation happens
during case 5 when the base demand is shifted to 4:30 in the morning.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the load profile results:
For cases 2 and 3, the plug-and-forget scenarios do not vary much from the
reference case, which suffers from a greater peak-to-base demand ratio; this
perfectly illustrates that without 'intelligence' in the operation of the assets many
saving opportunities that enhance network operation can be missed;
●
Case 4 in its efforts to save fuel cost clearly takes advantage of the thermal stores
by using them prominently during both peak demands which occur at 8 a.m. and
between 6 p.m. and 8 p.m.; consequently, the moments of peak demand and
midday valleys are less prominent;
●
Case 5 has many attributes since it has the greatest impact in increasing the
base load (early morning) and reducing the peak load, thus achieving from all
the cases assessed both the best load factor utilisation and peak-to-base demand
ratio;
●
Cases 6 and 7 are not so benign to the operating parameters of the natural
gas network; this is because it takes into consideration the high spot price of
electricity, thus making the most of the low price of natural gas. Consequently,
these scenarios are characterised for having high natural gas demands and this
naturally generates big energy losses.
●
6.2.4 CHP technology
If the case studies assessed had been done under an electrical engineering per-
spective, omitting natural gas network conditions would have probably resulted in
operating the micro-CHP units constantly at a maximum capacity throughout a win-
ter day. However, by using a holistic approach it can be seen that the power outputs
from cogeneration devices vary according to the operating strategy implemented.
To illustrate this fact, Table 6.11 portrays the CHP techno-economic results from
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