Optimising DERs in energy service networks: a case study - Modelling Distributed Energy Resources in Energy Service Networks - page 118

Voltage magnitude profile at 7 p.m. Marginal cost of electricity at 7 p.m.

13.5

1

13

0.95

12.5

0.9

0.85 12

1 2 3 4 1234

Node

Node

Figure 6.6 Comparison of optimisation results in the electrical networks

Pressure profile at 7 p.m. Marginal cost of natural gas at 7 p.m.

1 8

0.95 7.5

0.9 7

0.85 6.5

0.8 6

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Node Node

Figure 6.7 Comparison of optimisation results in the natural gas networks

case (black bars), the energy networks and the DER technologies within its nodes
are operated according to the appropriate conditions established by the aggregator
and stakeholders. Thus, because of their coordinated interactions, the systems are
administered in an integrated manner.
The effects of embedded technologies on networks for this time interval are quite
sensible:

Since cogeneration technologies have a lower thermal efficiency than boilers, the
natural gas demand increases, creating as a consequence a situation where the
pressure levels in the network decrease and deviate further from their nominal
value (1 PU);

●

The distributed generation available reduces the electric power demand, therefore
the voltage magnitudes are higher and closer to their nominal value (1 PU);

●

Due to the effects of DER technologies on load variations, power losses in the
electrical network reduce while natural gas losses increase;

●

The ability to modify power losses impacts the LMCs; for electricity it is reduced
whereas for natural gas it grows.

●