Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Basic PHEV charging strategies
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Continuous
Delayed
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Time (h)
Figure 4.18
Illustrates the aggregation of basic G2V PHEV charging strategies
[210]
Meanwhile, V2G capabilities are more complicated to address than G2V strate-
gies, mainly because of all the uncertainties surrounding the ancillary service they
can provide. Although well suited for fast-response changes in power, demand
response strategies for PHEV batteries are yet to be properly devised. Nonethe-
less, in this topic the discharging criterion is based on and varies according to the
priorities constituted by the stakeholders (
i.e.
represented through objective func-
tions). Therefore, the V2G services offered by the TCOPF tool mainly focus on a few
techno-economical issues regarding operating costs and losses which are detailed in
Chapter 5.
From a DNO perspective, it is important to acknowledge and quantify the
storage capacity an aggregated number of PHEVs could represent as back-up capac-
ity, an exercise worth making an effort to solve since it has been reported that light
duty vehicles are parked about 95% of their lifetime [126]. Despite this back-up
potential, estimating the capacity provided by PHEVs is challenging, because deter-
mining the values of several time-sensitive variables is complicated. To address this
issue, there needs to be an 'intelligent intermediary' coordinating the interactions
between the grid operator and the plugged-in vehicles. Hence, the grid would
depend on this managing entity as a service provider to effectively interact with
PHEVs. For these interactions to work properly, the most important function the
coordinating body has to accomplish consists on effectively calculating the potential
stored in the PHEV batteries.
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