Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER ONE
The Global Public Health
Significance of
Plasmodium vivax
Katherine E. Battle
*
, Peter W. Gething
*
, Iqbal R.F. Elyazar
†
,
Catherine L. Moyes
*
, Marianne E. Sinka
*
, Rosalind E. Howes
*
,
Carlos A. Guerra
‡
, Ric N. Price
§
,
¶
, J. Kevin Baird
†
,
§
, Simon I. Hay
*
,
‡
*Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
†
Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jalan Diponegoro No. 69, Jakarta, Indonesia
‡
Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
§
Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
¶
Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University,
Darwin, NT, Australia
Contents
1. Introduction
2
2. The Global Distribution of
P. vivax
Infections
3
3. Spatial Distribution of
P. vivax
Malaria, Populations at Risk and Its Vectors
6
3.1.
P. vivax
Malaria Limits and Endemicity
7
3.2. Population at Risk of
P. vivax
Malaria
20
3.3. Vectors of the
P. vivax
Parasite
21
4. Regional Summaries of the Public Health Significance of
P. vivax
Malaria
26
4.1. Asia
26
4.2. Asia-Pacific
50
4.3. Americas
55
4.4. Africa+
59
4.5. Areas Where Lack of Geographical Data is Acute
64
5. Discussion
66
6. Methods
70
6.1. Defining the Limits of
P. vivax
Transmission
70
6.1.1. International Limits of P. vivax
70
6.1.2. The Availability of
P. vivax Annual Parasite Incidence
Data by Region
82
6.1.3. The Global Distribution of the Duffy Blood Group
84
6.2. Global Endemicity of
P. vivax
89
6.2.1.
P. vivax
Parasite Rate Data
89
6.2.2. Modelling P. vivax Endemicity
89
6.3. The Refined Population at Risk of
P. vivax
91
6.4. Mapping the Range of Dominant Vector Species
92
Acknowledgements
94
