Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
be major co-factors in the genesis of severe pathology in
P. vivax
infections
that may have otherwise caused uncomplicated disease.
Severe and fatal disease also results from recurrent and/or chronic
infections in endemic areas, including severe anaemia and malnutrition,
particularly in early childhood. Other severe manifestations include ALI,
AKI and, uncommonly, coma. The role of bacterial and other co-infec-
tions in the increasing reports of shock and multiorgan failure requires
further investigation. In pregnancy,
P. vivax
infection is clearly recognized
as a major cause of maternal anaemia, miscarriage, preterm delivery, low
birth weight and congenital malaria, with significant impact on maternal
and infant health.
Mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of all of the severe vivax syn-
dromes, particularly severe anaemia, AKI, coma, shock and multiorgan fail-
ure, remain poorly understood and require further investigation. Similarly
the role of risk factors and co-morbidities in contributing to severe and fatal
outcomes needs to be elucidated. Although recent advances have built upon
the large and neglected knowledge base of the nineteenth and early twen-
tieth centuries, a continued focus on filling these knowledge gaps is needed
to target appropriate strategies for treatment and prevention of disease and
death from
P. vivax
.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
NMA is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner
Fellowship; RNP is supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship.
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