Information Technology Reference
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adapts the prototype and sees an increasing number of bug-fixes and a general rise
in code quality. This knowledge is directly transferable to the next program because
the core code remains mostly similar.
2.3.2.3.1
Advantages
Decisive points of the project implementation strategies predefine the overall
project management framework by the logical sequencing of project completion.
Presents low initial risk.
Since one is developing a small-scale prototype instead of a full-blown devel-
opment effort, much fewer programmers are needed initially.
If the effort is deemed successful, the model scales very well by adding new
people as the scope of the prototype is expanded.
Gained expertise could be applicable across different programs.
2.3.2.3.2
Disadvantages
No data from any business or industry are available at this point.
2.3.2.3.3
Suitability
It is suitable in an environment where several projects have a common architec-
ture or feature set that can be abstracted by an API, and it is best used during
the design and prototyping stages of development.
2.3.2.4 Constructionist Design Methodology.
This is a methodology for
designing and implementing interactive intelligences. The Constructionist Design
Methodology (CDM)—so called because it advocates modular building blocks and
incorporation of prior work—addresses factors that can be perceived as key to future
advances in artificial intelligence (AI) including interdisciplinary collaboration sup-
port, coordination of teams, and large-scale systems integration. Inspired to a degree
by the classic LEGO bricks, this methodology, which is known as the Constructionist
Approach to AI, puts modularity at its center. The functionalities of the system are
broken into individual software modules, which are typically larger than software
classes (i.e., objects and methods) in object-oriented programming but smaller than
the typical enterprise application. The role of each module is determined in part by
specifying the message types and information content that needs to flow between the
various functional parts of the system. Using this functional outline, one can then
define and develop, or select, components for perception, knowledge representation,
planning, animation, and other desired functionalities. There is essentially nothing
in the Constructionist Approach to AI that lends it more naturally to behavior-based
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