Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Tabl e 6. 4
Economic evaluation of beach, urban, industry, agriculture, aqua-
culture areas (km
2
) municipal services and transportation network (km) losses
of Port Said Governorate in case of Sea Level Rise of 50 cm
Losses
Percentage (%)
value loss (million $)
Beach area (km
2
)
21.26
1:60
2:126
Urban area (km
2
)
0.46
7:80
48:0
Industry area (km
2
)
0.05
12:50
5:0
Agriculture area (km
2
)
0.00
0:00
0:00
Aqua-culture area (km
2
)
0.024
0:12
2:40
Transport network (km)
23
11:73
4:60
Population (persons)
28,191
5:30
-
Employment (jobs)
6,759
5:30
-
the quality of topographic data using GPS (Geo-Positioning Satellites) and high
resolution laser profilers, and building accurate geographic information systems
(GIS) in an ARC/INFO environment, are now in progress (Mohamed et al.
2012
).
5
Climate Change Impacts
Global warming is expected to affect Egypt in many ways. In particular, water
resources, agricultural resources and coastal zones (see above) are expected to be
adversely affected:
5.1
Impacts on Water Availability
A detailed quantitative assessment of the impacts of climate change on water
resources in Egypt has yet to be produced. The demand for water in Egypt
is dominated by three major user groups: agricultural irrigation, domestic use
and industry. Even if no climate change takes place at all, the population is
expected to double before the year 2050, if the present growth rate is maintained.
A correspondingly rapid growth in agricultural and industrial output will be required
to sustain this population. It is therefore likely that any effects of climate change on
water supply and demand will be dwarfed by a much larger increase in demand due
to population growth.
Due to the importance of predicting environmental impacts which could result
from climate changes affecting the Nile basin several models have been advanced.
Results of their predictions are summarized in Table
6.5
(after Strzepek et al.
1996
).
It can be seen that these models are still incapable of predicting, with some
certainty, what would happen if climate change occurs. However, the indictors call
for serious action. In summary, the following impacts on water resources in the Nile
river basin are expected:
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