Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
156˚40'
21˚00'
156˚20'
1
56˚30'
20˚50'
Mean annual drainage, in m
0
20˚40'
0.25
0.50
0.75
0
2.5
5
10 Miles
1.25
0
2.5
5
10 Kilometers
2.50
3.75
8.75
a regional, continental, or global nature and
typically make use of remotely sensed data. The
feasibility of accurately estimating recharge at
this scale is questionable because of the large
number of groundwater basins that are con-
tained within such an area and the inherent
variability among the different basins. There
are no direct methods for estimating recharge
with remotely sensed data, but the data can be
useful for constructing water budgets. Sheffield
et al
. (
2009
) noted substantial closure errors
for a water budget of the Mississippi River
watershed, but water-budget methods based
on remotely sensed data may eventually prove
Figure 2.11
Distribution of mean annual drainage,
central and west Maui, Hawaii for the period 1926 to 1979
(Engott and Vana,
2007
).
affect drainage rates. The effect of future
land-use and climate scenarios on predicted
drainage rates was also examined.
2.5 Macroscale application
Macroscale refers to length scales that exceed
1000 km. Studies conducted at this scale are of
