Invasion of Exotic Earthworms into North America and Other Regions - Earthworm Ecology - page 83

Edwards, C.A. and P.J. Bohlen. 1996. , 3rd ed., Chapman & Hall, London.

Eisen, G. 1900. Researches in American Oligochaeta, with especial reference to those of the Pacific Coast
and adjacent islands,

Biology and Ecology of Earthworms

, II:85Ï276.
Fisk, M.C., T.J. Fahey, P.M. Groffman, and P.J. Bohlen. 2004. Earthworm invasion, fine root distributions and
soil respiration in north temperate forest,

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.

, in press.
Fragoso, C., I. Barois, and S. James. 1995. Native earthworms of the north neotropical region, in Hendrix, P.,
Ed., Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America , Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL,
pp. 67Ï115.
Fragoso, C., J. Kanyonyo, A. Moreno, B.K. Senapati, E. Blanchart, and C. Rodriguez. 1999. A survey of
tropical earthworms: taxonomy, biogeography and environmental plasticity, in Lavelle, P., L. Brussard,
and P. Hendrix, Eds., Earthworm Management in Tropical Agroecosystems , CABI Publishing, New
York, pp. 1Ï26.
Gates, G.E. 1982. Farewell to North American megadriles, Megadrilogica , 4:12Ï77.
Graham, R.C. and H.B. Wood. 1991. Morphologic development and clay redistribution in lysimeter soils under
chaparral and pine, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J ., 55:1638Ï1646.
Gundale, M.J. 2002. Influence of exotic earthworms on the soil organic horizon and the rare fern Botrychium
mormo , Conserv. Biol. , 16:1555Ï1561.
Hale, C.M., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2000. Impacts of invading European earthworms on understory plant
communities in previously worm-free hardwood forest of Minnesota, Abstr. Ecol. Soc. Am ., 85:112.
Hendrix, P.F. 1998. Earthworms in agroecosystems: a summary of current research, in Edwards, C., Ed.,
Earthworm Ecology , St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 259Ï272.
Hendrix, P.F. and P.J. Bohlen. 2002. Exotic earthworm invasions in North America: ecological and policy
implications, Bioscience , 52:801Ï811.
Hoogerkamp, M., H. Rogaar, and H.J.P. Eijsackers. 1983. Effect of earthworms on grassland on recently
reclaimed polder soils in the Netherlands, in Satchell, J.E., Ed., Earthworm Ecology from Darwin to
Vermiculture , Chapman & Hall, London, U.K., pp. 85Ï106.
James, S.W. 1991. Soil, nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter processing by earthworms in tallgrass prairie,
Ecology , 72:2101Ï2109.
Kalisz, P.J. and D.B. Dotson. 1989. Land-use history and the occurrence of exotic earthworms in the mountains
of eastern Kentucky, Am. Midl. Nat. , 122:288Ï297.
Kalisz, P.J. and H.B. Wood. 1995. Native and exotic earthworms in wildland ecosystems, in Hendrix, P., Ed.,
Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America , Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 117Ï126.
Kourtev, P.S., W.Z. Huang, and J.G. Ehrenfeld. 1999. Differences in earthworm densities and nitrogen dynamics
in soils under exotic and native plant species, Biol. Invasions , 1:237Ï245.
Lachnicht, S.L, P.F. Hendrix, and X. Zou. 2002. Interactive effects of native and exotic earthworms on resource
use and nutrient mineralization in a tropical wet forest soil of Puerto Rico, Biol. Fertil. Soils , 36:43Ï52.
Lavelle, P., L. Brussard, and P. Hendrix, Eds. 1999. Earthworm Management in Tropical Agroecosystems ,
CABI Publishing, New York.
Lee, K.E. 1959. The Earthworm Fauna of New Zealand , New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research Bulletin 130, Wellington, New Zealand.
Liu, Z.G. and X.M. Zou. 2002. Exotic earthworms accelerate plant litter decomposition in a Puerto Rican
pasture and a wet forest, Ecol. Appl. , 12:1406Ï1417.
Ljungstrom, P.O. 1972. Introduced earthworms of South Africa. On their taxonomy, distribution, history of
introduction and on the extermination of endemic earthworms, Zool. Jb. Syst. , 99:1Ï81.
Loranger, G., J.F. Ponge, E. Blanchart, and P. Lavelle. 1998. Impact of earthworms on the diversity of
microarthropods in a Vertisol (Martinique), Biol. Fertil. Soil , 27:21Ï26.
Mack, R.N., D. Simberloff, W.M. Lonsdale, H. Evans, M. Clout, and F.A. Bazzaz. 2000. Biotic invasions:
causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control, Ecol. Appl ., 10:689Ï710.
Maerz, J.C., B. Blossey, and V. Nuzzo. 2001. The impact of garlic mustard invasions on woodland salamander
populations in New York, in Abstr. Ecol. Soc. America , Madison, WI.
McLean, M.A. and D. Parkinson. 1997. Soil impacts of the epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra on
organic matter and microbial activity in lodgepole pine forest, Can. J. Forest Res. , 27:1907Ï1913.
McLean, M.A. and D. Parkinson. 2000a. Field evidence of the effects of the epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena
octaedra on the microfungal community in pine forest floor, Soil Biol. Biochem. , 32:351Ï360.

Ecosystems