Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Vegetation
Soil
Site
B.P.
B.E.
A.B.
B.F. B.P.
S p e c i e s
12 345 6789 0
Allolobophora caliginosa
(Savigny, 1826)
Allolobophora dacica
(Pop, 1938)
Allolobophora georgii
Michaelsen, 1890
Allolobophora mehadiensis
Rosa, 1895
Allolobophora rosea
(Savigny, 1826)
Dendrobaena alpina
(Rosa, 1884)
Dendrobaena byblica
(Rosa, 1893)
Dendrobaena clujensis
Pop, 1938
Dendrobaena octaedra
(Savigny, 1826)
Dendrobaenarubida
(Savigny, 1826)
Fitzingeria platyura
Fitzinger, 1833
Lumbricus polyphemus
(Fitzinger, 1883)
Lumbricus rubellus
Hoffmeister, 1843
Octolasion lacteum
Örley, 1885
Octodrilus c. compromissus
Zicsi & V. V. Pop, 1984
Octodrilus exacystis exacystis
(Rosa, 1896)
Octodrilus e. oresbius
V. V. Pop, 1989
B.P., Brown podzolic soil; B.E., Brown earth; A.B., Acid brown soil; B.F., Brown forest soil.
Dominance %
0
0-10
10.1-20
20.1-40
40.1-60
60.1-100
FIGURE 7.7
Structure of earthworm communities with
O. compromissusÏDendrobaena byblica
in forest
ecosystems with acid soils from the Carpathians.
and the composition of the vegetation cover. The two main community types were named tentatively
by characteristic species following CassagneauÔs procedure (1961) when defining
Collembola
synusia
in the Pirinei Mountains.
The earthworm community with
O. compromissus-Dendrobaena byblica
(Figure 7.7) is char-
acteristic of beech and mixed beech-spruce fir forests with oligobasic, cambic, spodic, or argillic
soils, with acid mulls, and developed on igneous or crystalline acid parent material. The species
Dendrobaena alpina
is often also present, but
D. byblica
could be substituted partially by
Den-
drobaena clujensis
or
Dendrobaena veneta
. In places with deeper soils, the endogeic
O. compromis-
sus
or
Octodrilus exacystis
dominate the earthworm biomass. The large species that are character-
istic of the second community occur sporadically and at low population densities.
The earthworm community with
O. frivaldszkyi
(
Figure 7.8
) is very characteristic for beech or
mixed beech-hornbeam forests, over rendzinas or cambic eubasic of mesobasic soils (brown earth),
with calcic mulls on limestone or dolomite (Pop 1985, 1987). This community type also occurs,
very rarely, in neighboring acid soils. This earthworm community is dominated by giant species
of
Octodrilus
, namely,
O
.
frivaldszkyi
,
O. aporus
,
O. ophiomorphus
, or
O. permagnus
, reaching
40 to 70 cm in length. These very large species, observed to be vertical burrowers or anecic
earthworms, are vicariants, but one of them is always present.
Lumbricus polyphemus
, considered
an anecid or vertical migratory species, seems to be one of the characteristic species of this type
of earthworm community. However, in some places, it is replaced by a large population of the giant
Octodrilus
species (Pop 1980).
Characteristic epigeic species are the red-pigmented
D. byblica
or
D. clujensis
. The presence
of the small
D. alpina
is determined by the presence of spruce fir trees. Endogeic, medium-size
species of earthworm are
O. compromissus, O. exacystis, Allolobophora dacica
, or
Octolasium
