Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 3.7 Biaxial machine at
Taiyo Kogyo Corp, (Minami
2006
). Image by Minami H.,
with kind permission from the
Textile Machinery Society of
Japan (TMSJ)
means of optical devices or a contact extensometer (Figs.
3.7
,
3.8
and
3.9
). The
applied load is measured by means of load cells which measure the tension force
between the actuator and the clamp, or the compression force wield by the actuator
on the rigid frame.
Biaxial apparatuses based on the symmetrical loading principle are generally
cost-effective and relatively simple to develop if compared with machines which
require a higher number of actuators. For this reason they are quite widespread and
there are several researches (Minami
2006
; Uhlemann et al.
2011
,
2013
) and patents
(Gosh
2002
) based on this typology.
Fig. 3.8 Biaxial machine
based on the symmetric load
of a cruciform sample
available at Base Structures
Ltd (UK). Image by the
author
