Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 3.1
Periodically rippled
graphene
LEED
(Low-energy electron diffraction)
MLG
(Monolayer graphene)
SPE
(Single-particle excitation)
UHV
(Ultra-high vacuum)
VA-SWCNT
(Vertically-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes)
3.1
Preface
Graphene, a single atom-thick sheet of graphite (Novoselov et al.
2006
), is an
allotropic form of carbon that allows a low energy manifestation of Quantum Electro-
Dynamics at surfaces (Novoselov et al.
2005
). Graphene is an extraordinary material
that presents fascinating new properties due to the linear energy dispersion of the
conduction and valence bands near the Fermi level, giving rise to massless charge
carriers that behave as Dirac fermions with a group velocity
1/300 of the speed
of light (Novoselov et al.
2005
), exhibit chiral behavior, display ballistic transport
of charge (room temperature mobilities of up to 1.5
≈
10
4
cm
2
/V·s) and spin (spin
relaxation length up to microns) and an anomalous, half-integer Quantum Hall Effect
at 300 K (Giesbers et al.
2009
). (Fig.
3.1
)
Graphene is lightweight, inexpensive, robust, chemically stable. Moreover, the
use of graphene for transparent conducting electrodes (Nair et al.
2010
), to realize
photosensitive transistors (Cao et al.
2009
), ultracapacitors (Wang et al.
2009
), or
novel chemical sensors (Yang et al.
2010
) is envisioned.
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