Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
to hold together two or more materials of different types. Organofunctional silanes
were found to contribute to adhesion between interfaces of various kinds (e.g, or-
ganic and inorganic substrates), with respect to their chemical and physical properties
(Plueddemann
1982
). Alkoxysilanes (e.g., tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane) are
silicon precursors used in obtaining of materials with several applications (Belton
et al.
2012
). It has been shown that alkali metals determine reduction of methoxy
or phenoxy silicon compounds (with obtaining of methyl or phenyl silicon com-
pounds), being an important way to obtain carbon-silicon bonds (reduction reactions)
(Ryan
1962
).
Since the middle of the past century, organofunctional silanes were widely used as
adhesion promoters or crosslinkers because of their capacity to form chemical bonds
to different substrates (both organic and inorganic) (Altmann and Pfeiffer
2003
).
Alkosysilanes are a family of monomers with the capacity to form where silica, or
chains of alkylpolysiloxanes by hydrolization with water ( Oztürk
1992
). Silanes, by
means of chemical structure, have a silicon skeleton, and, in order to be classified as
alkoxysilanes, this skeleton has to be bounded directly to alkyl and/or alkoxy groups
via a silicon-carbon link or an ester link ( Oztürk
1992
).
On the other side, although not among the first ten great mysteries of the Universe
(Putz
2010a
,
b
), the chemical bond nature seems to subsist in many of them, espe-
cially in relation with the existence in a quantum world. As such, as far as the quantum
mechanics opens the way for an entangled non-local picture of interaction between,
in principle, all things in Universe the Chemistry—through its bonding level of
manifestation—makes things discernable, observable and at the end measurable. In
supporting this view, the de Broglie-Bohm wavefunction was transformed, actually
rotated in the complex space of phases with a quantity that was later shown to account
for the chemical bonding field
χ
by means of consequences raised by Schrödinger in-
variance condition under such U(1) transformation. There is remarkable that despite
U(1) gauge transformation is well noted in the Yang-Mills transformation of fields
that helps in explaining the symmetry broken by creation of elementary particle, this
is the first study that addresses nonlocal gauge transformation on de Broglie-Bohm-
Schrödinger wave fields, however leading with impressive result of identifying the
chemical bonding field with observable quantity as electronic density and its gradi-
ents (Putz
2012a
,
b
). Moreover, the existence of chemical
χ
fields implies that the
entangled interaction in boning is carried by associate elementary particles called as
bondons; they have lower mass than electrons for typical chemical bonding length
having the electronic mass as the superior limit when the first Bohr radius is set as
the bonding length (Putz et al.
2015a
,
b
/Chapters 11 and 13 of this topic). This way,
the present work opens the possibility of unifying the chemical interactions through
chemical bonding fields and associate bondons (Putz
2010a
,
b
; Putz and Ori
2012
,
2014
,
2015
/Chapter 10 of this topic).
The present chapter unfolds, for the first time the bondonic study on silanes, as
precursors of highly regarded nowadays silicenes materials (Putz and Ori
2014
;De
Padova et al.
2014
) through the following chapter organization: in Sect. 12.2 extends
the bondonic chemistry exposed in previous chapters of the present volume (Putz
and Ori
2015
/Chapter 10 of this topic; Putz et al.
2015a
,
b
Chapters 11 and 13 of
