Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
of bonding within the potential gap of stability or by tunneling the potential barrier
of encountered bonding attractors.
Alternatively, from the generic form (
11.25
) for the chemical field, if one replaces
the velocity by the kinetic energy and making then use by Heisenberg relationship,
viz.
2
T
m
∼
2
h
t
m
¯
v
=
(11.33a)
the space-chemical bonding field dependence is simply achieved as:
c
2
m
¯
h
e
¯
10
13
X
bond
ℵ∼
X
bond
∼
4
.
28715
·
(11.33b)
ht
where we can assume various instantaneous times according with the stud-
ied
phenomena.
At
one
extreme,
when
the
ration
of
the
first
Bohr
ra-
10
−
10
m
)
dius
(
a
0
=
0
.
52917
·
to
the
speed
velocity
is
assumed,
t
→
10
−
19
< seconds > , the two numerical relations for the chem-
ical bonding field, namely (
11.31
) and (
11.33b
), are equated to give the typical
t
0
=a
0
/c = 1.76512
·
lengths of the entanglement bond X
bond
∈
0, 3.19643
10
−
12
< meters > with an
observable character in the fine-structure phenomena ranges. On the other side, on a
chemically femto-second scale, i.e. t
bonding
∼
·
10
−
8
m thus
widely recovering the custom length of the chemical bonding phenomena at large
distance. Further studies may be envisaged from this point concerning the chemical
reactivity, times of reactions, i.e. of tunneling the potential barrier between reactants,
at whatever chemical scale.
Lastly but not at last, the relations (
11.31
) and (11.33) may be further used in
determining the
mass of bondons
carried by the chemical field on a given distance:
10
−
12
s, one finds X
bond
∼
ht
2
1
X
bond
¯
m
bondons
=
(11.34)
10
−
12
s
For instance, considering the above typical chemical bond length, t
bonding
∼
10
−
31
kg,
of electronic mass order, of course, but not necessary the same since in the course
of reaction, due to the inner undulatory nature of electron and of the wave-function
based phenomena of bonding, the electronic specific mass may decrease. Note that
the bondon mass decreases faster by broader the bond distance than the time pro-
viding a typical quantum effect without a macroscopic rationalization. In fact as
increases the entangled distance to be covered by the chemical interaction not only
the time is larger but also the quantum mass carried by the field decreases in order the
phenomena be unitary, non-separated, and observable! Most remarkably, the higher
limit of bondonic mass correctly stands the electronic mass m
0
∼
10
−
8
m, one gets the bondon mass about m
bondons
∼
and X
bond
∼
5.27286
·
10
−
31
kg as
easily verified when the first Bohr radius and associated time are replaced in (
11.34
)
formula.
In this context, the bondons ( B) represents (Putz
2010a
,
b
,
2012
) the bosonic
counterpart of the bonding electrons' wave function carrying the quantized mass
·
9.1094
