Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Time (ms)
0
112
250
1,500
2,000
Voltage (V)
16.0
12.51
14
12.1
13.4
Current (A)
0
2,511
1,000
848
0
UC volts
16.00
15.00
14.00
13.00
12.08
0
250.00 m 500.00 m 750.00 m
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
A3:
ESR
¼
0.237 m
W
(for the pack the total ESR
¼
1.39 m
W
)
Q4:
For Q3 the integral of the current waveform is found to be
Str_mtr_amps
2.52 k
2.00 k
1.50 k
1.00 k
500.00
0
480.00
0
250.00 m
750.00 m
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
t
ð
Idt
¼
CdU
¼
1,457
As
dQ
¼
Determine the average cell capacitance from this information and the data
cited in the table in Q3.
Hint:
d
U
¼
16.0-13.4
¼
2.6 V
A4:
<
C
> ¼
560.4 F for the pack; therefore, at cell level
C
¼
6
560.4
¼
3,362 F
Q5:
For Q3 the 14 L CIDI engine speeds up very fast when using this very low
resistance ultra-capacitor module charged to full potential of 16 V rather
than using a 12.6 V lead-acid battery. For this example: